tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59723776981044628982024-03-19T05:41:16.915+00:00Level 2 PhotographyLevel 2 Photography is the on-line resource for students at Mountain Sport Workshops with photographer, Dave Willis at www.mountainsportphoto.comAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-64100215066778178792014-01-24T11:42:00.002+00:002014-01-24T11:44:53.678+00:00Welcome! Have a seat, let's get started...<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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So, you'd like to learn a bit more about photography? Great. You've come to the right place.<br />
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What we have here is a complete photography starter course and it's for free! Can't get better value than that eh?<br />
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You might want a bit of personal one-to-one coaching as well. I can do that too. That's not free of course. But it is fun. See the Workshop link below for details of how to book a personal photography day out - not as expensive as you might think. Anyway, on with the free stuff.<br />
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To get started, look at the Blog Archive panel over there on the right. Go to the "2012" and the "March" archive and down there, right at the bottom is Week 1. All the weeks are linked in order so just work your way through. Feel free to add comments on the blog and get in touch if you would like to learn more through my workshops and training courses. Good luck and enjoy...Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-47217010508861156792012-12-17T15:43:00.000+00:002018-11-05T14:02:07.612+00:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Looking for a photography workshop for yourself or your family?<br />
Love the Lake District?<br />
Well, look no further.<br />
In association with <b>Lakeland Walker magazine</b>, we offer workshops that are bespoke, one-to-one and taylor made to meet your needs.<br />
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£140 per person full day<br />
£70 per person half day<br />
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Gift vouchers are available.</div>
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<a href="mailto:mountainsport@btinternet.com" target="_blank">CLICK HERE TO BOOK via email</a></div>
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<b><i>Day-in-the-life-of a Mountainsport Photography Workshop with Dave Willis:</i></b><br />
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It's always nice to spend a day with students who are learning their cameras, because they are like a blank canvas or in this case perhaps a "clean slate" would be a more appropriate allusion, seeing as we headed for the amazing slate quarries of the Little Langdale valley, here in the Lake District.<br />
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We start out by getting a handle on the camera controls and buttons and setting up the camera to give us consistent results. Then we can get going.<br />
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On this occasion the plan would be to head out through some woodland to Little Langdale tarn and up to the Black Hole and Hodge Close quarries which have some surprising caves and arches to photograph, useful when the weather forecast is changeable. In the event, the sun stayed out and we found ourselves able to shoot landscapes as well, but the quarries proved a great success for my guys, who were very keen on abstract forms.<br />
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We talked about depth of field and aperture priority with some nice examples of short depth of field details in the woods and then some max DoF over at Little Langdale tarn.<br />
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Working through the camera modes led to a discussion about how depth of focus and depth of field are related and linked and I think this something that is often overlooked when the subject is discussed. I have a simple experiment that I get students to do called the "finger experiment" that really brings home how depth of field and depth of focus work together - you'll have to join a workshop to find out what it is!<br />
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Moving into the quarries, I was aiming to break out the tripods and talk about shutter speed as a creative tool for motion control with some moving water. I spend time drumming into students how important it is to think about camera shake every time you pick up the camera - that's why we carry a tripod after all - so we can use those slow shutter speeds effectively.<br />
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While we looked for some interesting abstract patterns and details in the rock walls, which could have kept us entertained all day actually, we had a chance to consider what really makes a great photograph. Fundamentally, in my view it comes down to three things.<br />
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1: Most (but not every) photo needs a strong <i><b>focal point.</b></i> Without it the viewer is struggling to identify what they are supposed to be looking at. If your photo doesn't have one, it had better have something else which is strong enough to carry the picture - could be amazing light, strong repeating pattern or abstract form or it could vibrant colour patterns, whatever, it needs something. Here, I'll show you what I mean:<br />
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We shot this landscape later in the day. Can you spot the strong focal point? Course you can - that juniper (or whatever it is) just stands right out as the starting point, in other words the <i>focal point</i> for this composition, doesn't it? That's what you need.<br />
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2: <b><i>Backgrounds</i> </b>ruin pictures! Oh yes. Look at it this way. You spend ages choosing, organizing and composing your subject. You think about it carefully and try to do the best job you can with it., The one thing you didn't maybe even consider was the background. But the background is where all the clutter, mess, distracting details and litter is going to be. Do you really want all those parked cars, telephone wires, bins, people wearing lurid colours in the background, taking the eye away from your carefully chosen subject? Thought not. So...backgrounds ruin pictures - choose them with care.<br />
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3:<b> KISS</b> - Keep It Simple, Stupid! Do you like this picture? Simple isn't it. The less you put into your composition the clearer, more direct and easier to understand it will become. It will be eye-catching. Many of us just put too much confusing stuff into our photos. Git rid, simplify, pair it down.<br />
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Let's apply all three of those principles to this shot:<br />
Does it have a strong focal point? Yes.<br />
Does it have a good background? Yes, just the door.<br />
Is it simple? Too right.<br />
See, easy isn't it.<br />
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Fancy a go yourself? you can book a personal one-on-one workshop any day you like, long as I'm free on that day. It costs £135 per person and we do whatever you need to do to get your camera and creative skills up to speed.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-12222758145904445232012-04-04T23:14:00.001+01:002012-11-18T14:53:11.677+00:00Week 18: Recommended camera settingsThis the final post in this 15 week free photography course.<br />
Start at Week 1 and work your way through.<br />
To find Week 1, use the navigation panel over there on the right, or search through "Older Posts" at the bottom of the page.<br />
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So, for those readers who have done all the work and got this far:<br />
This might seem an odd place to finally get around to spelling out all the camera settings that I recommend...And it is! But in my defence, if I did this right at the beginning, before students had a grasp on the fundamentals of photography and why things work they way they do, it might seem a bit arbitrary and meaningless. Anyway, we've had plenty of other stuff to get our heads around. So, here goes...<br />
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Before I start let me say that the settings here are based on Nikon cameras because that's what I use but most of the settings have an equivalent on Canon, Pentax, Sony and so on. But you will need to refer to the camera manual to understand how your particular camera treats these settings as there are differences.<br />
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<b>OK. Let's start with the camera body itself.</b><br />
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This is a Nikon D5100 - a pretty typical mid price DSLR camera. There are only a couple of settings that you need to think about on the camera body itself.<br />
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<i>Camera mode dial</i> can be set to whatever mode is most useful or appropriate to the task but remember <a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/drive-camera-week-1-camera-modes.html">Week 1</a>; Green camera or square (Auto mode) is point and shoot and you really should be past all that by now.<br />
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<i>Exposure compensation</i> button: Before you start shooting, as soon as you pick up the camera at the start of the day, do a <b>pre-flight check </b>that includes zeroing the exposure compensation dial in case you forgot to do it last time you shot some photos. A pre-flight should also include checking the white balance settings, the image size/format and the ISO settings, the metering patterns and the auto focus mode. Then you're good to go.<br />
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<i>Flash mode</i>: I always set this to rear curtain slow speed sync unless I have a good reason to change it (<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-9-flash-ah-hasaviour-etc.html">see Week 9</a>) because then I get all the ambient exposure i want, when I want it and I get motion blur looking cool. I often have <i>flash exposure compensation</i> tuned to -1.7 EV as well, so the pop-up is primed to give me fill-flash any time I need it.<br />
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On Nikon cameras there is a customisable <i>function</i> button on the camera too. I generally custom set this for instant access to ISO settings but this only applies to Nikon cameras and actually I never really use it. People will have their own preferences for this which is programmable from within the menu settings.<br />
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Around the back of this particular model are a few control buttons but the only one that we need settings for is AE-L/AF-L. This is auto exposure/focus lock. On Nikon cameras there is an option to select this as either auto-exposure lock only, auto-exposure and auto-focus lock, or auto-focus lock only. This gives the user a choice of having the camera lock exposure info as well as focus lock before re-composing the view or one or the other. It makes the most sense to lock exposure info as well focus-lock before re-framing the photo so your subject has a decent chance. So that's the setting I use.<br />
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That's about all you can set up on the outside of this camera, all the rest is in the menu, so let's take a look in there. Because there's a bunch of settings in the menu that are relevant to all dslr cameras, I'll list them. You'll need to navigate your camera's menu system to find the appropriate menu item on your camera body.<br />
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<li><i>Format memory card</i>: I always format my memory cards before shooting a new assignment so I'm starting with a clean slate. But be careful - formatting wipes the card clean, so make sure you have securely downloaded and backed up your previous work before formatting the card.</li>
<li><i>Monitor brightness:</i> Many people have this set too bright, which gives the impression that your photo is over-exposed when in fact it's fine. I actually set mine to be slightly under-bright because it more accurately reflects how the image will look on my computer screen.</li>
<li><i>Clean image sensor</i> - ON. Might as well.</li>
<li><i>Time & dat</i>e - Set to your time zone, correct time and date because this info is carried with the images Exif data.</li>
<li><i><b>Playback display options:</b></i> turn them all ON, especially Highlight warning and Histograms. These are the best tools for judging correct or best exposure.</li>
<li><i>Image review</i> - ON or OFF, your choice. I choose OFF because I don't want the LCD illuminated all the time when I'm shooting bursts of action pictures, it's very distracting next to my eye!</li>
<li><i><b>Shooting menu options</b></i><b>:</b> <i>Image quality</i>: highest quality/least compression for Jpegs or shoot RAW. Why would you want to shoot anything other than the finest, highest quality and biggest file size?</li>
<li><i>White balance:</i> Auto WB unless you find a pre-set that works better for your situation. RAW shooters can apply white balance later after downloading unless you are mixing ambient and flash, in which case get the ambient WB the way you want it in the camera. Jpeg shooters need to get WB accurate in the camera.</li>
<li><i>Picture style settings</i>: For Jpegs only, RAW shooters can ignore these. Custom settings for different subjects/situations. Set with care because this is how your camera is going to process your photo.</li>
<li><i>Distortion controls: </i>ON</li>
<li><i>Colour space:</i> Adobe RGB for Jpegs and RAW unless you are printing direct from camera, then sRGB.</li>
<li><i>Active or Dynamic light control:</i> ON for Jpeg, OFF for RAW</li>
<li><i>Long exposure noise reduction:</i> OFF except for night photography</li>
<li><i>ISO: </i>Auto except when shooting flash only photos (like in a studio), then manual and set the lowest setting. High-end pro camera users can use Auto-ISO in Manual mode as an extra "priority mode".</li>
<li><i>Shutter release modes:</i> Single shot for landscapes. Continuous mode for action.</li>
<li><b><i>Custom settings:</i></b> <i>Auto focus settings:</i> AF-C for action, AF-S for still life or landscape or AF-A as default setting. Canon's do-it-all mode is AI-Focus.</li>
<li><i>Auto focus assist:</i> ON</li>
<li><i>EV steps</i>: 1/3rds</li>
<li><i>ISO display:</i> ON, you want to know when the camera starts using a high ISO so you can avoid "noise" issues.</li>
<li><i>Beep:</i> OFF!</li>
<li><i>File number sequence</i>: ON, otherwise each time you start a new shoot, the file numbers go back to 0 - nightmare!</li>
<li><i>Flash control:</i> TTL</li>
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<b>Other camera settings that are important:</b></div>
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<i>Metering pattern:</i> Matrix or Evaluative metering every time for me. It's so accurate on Nikon and if it does get it wrong I just dial in some exposure compensation.</div>
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<i>Focus sensor:</i> This is different for different cameras and for different shooting situations but whatever sensor pattern you choose to use make sure you know how to select the centre focus sensor quickly and easily whenever you need to - this will save a lot of faffing around!</div>
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<i>Image stabilisation:</i> (VR on Nikon) On the lens - Normal, ON for most situations, Active ON for shooting from a moving platform or vehicle, OFF when using a tripod.</div>
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I think that just about covers it. If I think of any more I'll add them later.</div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-54415726624802887342012-04-02T22:52:00.001+01:002012-04-14T13:52:50.207+01:00Week 17: Assignment 4 A flash of inspiration<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_69qd82n1pk1QT21dfMurEbQ5w8oaYxuGL9wFiq7wzb-6pS8UH68F0DWGoH3eEYYbEU_IkWg0RsSYhd0Sf-2lEeGwTVWMK0vvaQayq0zn1q8SsPjSG3yB3hjXtzuJ70PfCmEaxrgjwN0G/s1600/d1_27MSP_2879.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_69qd82n1pk1QT21dfMurEbQ5w8oaYxuGL9wFiq7wzb-6pS8UH68F0DWGoH3eEYYbEU_IkWg0RsSYhd0Sf-2lEeGwTVWMK0vvaQayq0zn1q8SsPjSG3yB3hjXtzuJ70PfCmEaxrgjwN0G/s320/d1_27MSP_2879.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Modern film and digital camera’s use three basic ways of measuring and controlling flash exposure so let’s have a look at them.<br />
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<b>Flash exposure control:</b><br />
The first thing to remember about flash is that flash exposure is controlled by ISO and aperture in the camera, not shutter speed. The only affect that shutter speed has is on the ambient (natural or continuous light) exposure and of course with flash sync. Why is this?<br />
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Because flash duration is so short that shutter speed makes no real difference to how much of the flash light is captured by the camera. Flash duration is normally between 1/1000 and 1/30,000 of a second, depending on flash power and your camera can't sync at those speeds (unless you have a high speed flash mode but that works a bit differently anyway), so at normal sync speeds of up to 1/250 second the flash is over before the shutter has even closed, hence shutter speed can't control flash exposure.<br />
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<b>1: Manual flash mode</b><br />
Most modern flash guns have a manual mode and as we shall see later on, when using flash off-camera, this can be a very useful feature. In manual mode, the flashgun is operating totally independent of the camera, just like a studio flash. The amount of flash light put out by the flash unit is controlled by the photographer selecting a power setting, which typically will vary from full power (1/1) to 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and so on right down to maybe 1/64th power or less depending on the flash design. The only way of gauging the correct output for the flash is by testing the exposure.<br />
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Set an appropriate/"guestimate" power setting on the flash and an aperture/ISO combination on the camera and test it. Shutter speed will be whatever works best for any ambient light there is. If it's too light, reduce power or decrease aperture (or ISO or both) if it's too dark increase power or open the aperture and/or increase ISO.<br />
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Or if you are shooting film, use a flash meter or calculate flash distance and power using guide numbers - but honestly does anyone do this these days?<br />
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Of course, if you change any of the camera settings, or move the flash to a different flash-subject distance, the flash power will need to be altered to a new setting, so it’s not a suitable mode for fast changing or moving situations.<br />
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<b>2: Auto flash mode</b><br />
The Auto mode is designed to be more flexible and give us a degree of automatic flash exposure in changing situations. The flash is not directly controlled by the camera but rather it has a built-in light sensor on the front panel that can detect flash reflected by the subject. The sensor cuts the flash power when enough flash has lit the subject for a good exposure.<br />
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In order to do this accurately, the flash needs two bits of information from the photographer. It needs to know the ISO you are using, since high ISO’s need less exposure and it needs to know the aperture (f-stop) you have set. With this information the flash sensor can control the flash output appropriate for the reflective properties of the subject.<br />
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A dark subject (which reflects less light) can be given more flash and a light subject (which reflects more light) gets less flash. The system can be customised easily too - if you dial in f5.6 on the flash but use f8 on the camera, the flash will give 1 stop less power than you really need so you will have fill-in flash. If you dial in f8 on the flash but use f5.6 on the camera the opposite will happen, the flash will give you 1 stop more power than you need - over-exposure.<br />
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Is the system fool-proof? No. Since the correct flash exposure is dependent on the flash sensor correctly “seeing” the flash reflected from the subject, if the subject moves, you can get an unknown reflective quantity; if you change the camera settings but forget to update the flash settings your flash exposures will be wrong and if you shoot subjects with unusual or variable reflective properties the results can be unpredictable.<br />
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<b>3: TTL flash mode (iTTL/ eTTL/pTTL and so on)</b><br />
The third and most dependable flash exposure system is TTL or Through The Lens. In this system the flash exposure is measured off the actual camera sensor or film plane by an internal flash sensor built into the camera body. Since the flash sensor is measuring the flash actually falling on the sensor or film, the system is very accurate and takes account of all the variables including lens absorption, filters and so on. All the camera has to do is tell the flash when to start and when to stop.<br />
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The flash is easy to adjust too. There is normally a plus/minus +/- button or control for flash exposure compensation on the back of the flash and also on the camera. Dedicated flash guns connected to the camera can be controlled using either the flash +/- control for more or less power, or the camera mounted +/-, or in fact a combination of the two if you like!<br />
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However, in order to work, the flash has to be “dedicated” to the camera - in other words built to work directly with camera it’s being used with - and the camera has to be able to communicate with the flashgun. Nikon, Canon, Sony, Pentax, Olympus and others all have their own dedicated TTL systems with features and functions, and cute names like iTTL (Nikon) and eTTL (Canon)<br />
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<b>Using the flash off-camera</b><br />
Because the camera and flash are dedicated together and linked via the hotshoe contacts, all the exposure information of f-stop and ISO can be passed directly to the flash. This is no problem when the flash is hotshoe mounted but presents problems with off-camera use. If the flash is tethered to the camera using a dedicated cable, the information can be transmitted easily but if the flash is going to be used remotely off-camera, some other way of communicating must be used.<br />
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Nikon and Canon both use an encoded infra-red light pre-flash system using a master “sender” flash (often the pop-up flash) and slave receiver flashes. These systems work well in low ambient light or in the studio but can be unreliable in bright ambient light where the flash signals can be overwhelmed by the existing light.<br />
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The slave flash’s light sensor, which is mounted on either the side of the camera or the front plate (Canon) also needs to be pointed ‘line-of-sight” towards the sender flash, mounted on the camera which is inconvenient in some situations.<br />
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This is where “wireless triggers” come in which we will look at in a separate article.<br />
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<b>Dedicated pop-up flash</b><br />
Because the flash is built-in, it is fully dedicated. In other words, the camera can controll it's output by metering exactly how much flash is required and it can control all the functions via the camera controls. Once the flash is on, you can select what kind of flash mode you want to use via the flash mode button. There's a number of options so we should go through them and explain each one:<br />
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<b>Flash Modes on the camera</b><br />
We can usually choose between different flash modes on the camera, depending on the circumstances and the kind of flash we need. Different cameras have their own individual flash modes according to the camera makers design and many modern DSLR's have integrated many of the flash modes into the auto settings anyway, so you don't need to set them yourself.<br />
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<i>Auto flash</i><br />
Auto flash just does everything automatically for you but there's a couple of things worth noting.<br />
First of all, if you use auto ISO, the camera will set the lowest default ISO setting (usually 200 ISO) and keep it there. This will often mean your backgrounds will go black because the camera is not exposing for the ambient light, only the flash light. So turn your ISO to manual and push it up if you want to expose for the ambient light as well.</div>
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And second, you don't have to just accept whatever flash exposure the camera puts out. You have a flash exposure compensation dial on the camera (FEC). This allows you to over-ride whatever flash power the camera is setting and dial in either minus (less) power or plus (more) power, according to your needs.<br />
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<i>Red eye reduction</i><br />
This will help you reduce the effect of "red eye' in portraits taken with the pop-up flash. The flash fires a series of rapid pre-flashes to force the portraits pupils to constrict (because you just blinded them with a strobe!). This means less flash penetrates the eye and you reduce red-eye. Often you you can combine red-eye reduction with other modes like slow sync or rear/2nd curtain mode. Hint - only turn it on when you really need it! Red eye reduction is usually found in the flash menu.<br />
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<i>Slow speed sync.</i><br />
On some cameras (Nikon's in particular) you are able to set a flash mode called Slow Speed sync. In this mode, the camera is able to use a slow shutter speed to record the ambient light along with the flash to light the main subject. Canon cameras often incorporate this into the normal auto mode so you don't have to set yourself - see your camera manual for help.<br />
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On my Nikon d5100, when I pop up the flash and go through the various shooting modes, this is what I get...</div>
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<b>With auto flash in:</b><br />
<i>Manual</i> - I can set any shutter speed/aperture combo I like up to 1/200th which is the camera sync speed.<br />
<i>Aperture priority</i> - the camera will use any shutter speed up to 1/200th. I can set any aperture I like.<br />
<i>Shutter priority</i> - I can set any shutter I like up to 1/200th which is the sync speed The aperture will be set by the camera according to the ambient light level.<br />
<i>P Mode</i> - The shutter will default to speeds between 1/60th and 1/200th which will often result in a black background.<br />
<i>Auto</i> - The same thing, I get speeds between 1/60th and 1/200th with black backgrounds in low light levels.<br />
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So, I can only expose for the ambient light, ie the background, when using my pop-up flash if I use the manual, shutter or aperture priority modes. In all other modes, my shutter speed is restricted to speeds that will render the subject fine with the flash but the background as either underexposed or black. This is not good. However, the Slow Speed Sync flash mode over-rides this and allows you have much slower shutter speeds in these shooting modes so you get to expose for the background ambient light as well.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0UFFMXieMZ3alH-dc-R3MeicSNJDcuSCnpSklR4nMhbrJd1prAB2BEJ7wcGi0VWgTXlijeXEbLxJqKA9RbeWdb7ZjZ0sHHEndowkfh7h7KlSvJQlVHTUgmKJQzJAMOPJKbTpCI102S87O/s1600/Bob_Graham_Round,_Lake_District.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0UFFMXieMZ3alH-dc-R3MeicSNJDcuSCnpSklR4nMhbrJd1prAB2BEJ7wcGi0VWgTXlijeXEbLxJqKA9RbeWdb7ZjZ0sHHEndowkfh7h7KlSvJQlVHTUgmKJQzJAMOPJKbTpCI102S87O/s320/Bob_Graham_Round,_Lake_District.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Slow speed sync</b><br />
Photographers use slow speed sync to inject motion, ambience and atmosphere into their flash pictures to bring them alive. The slow shutter speed creates motion and blur whilst the flash, being bright and fast, creates a sharp image over the top. Try it with party pictures, you will be amazed how effective it is. Different shutter speeds create different amounts of motion blur and will control how light or dark your backgrounds appear.</div>
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<b>Rear/2nd curtain sync</b><br />
The last flash mode we're going to talk about is rear curtain or 2nd curtain sync. The idea is that we can choose to fire the flash at either the start of the exposure (the conventional way) or at the end of the exposure (rear/2nd curtain method). What's the difference between the two? Well, if the flash fires first, and then the ambient exposure continues, any motion blur (as we see above) will appear in front of the sharp subject. That can look odd. We don't really expect to see "ghost" images projecting in front of the subject, but don't mind seeing the blur behind the subject. That looks more natural. Here's an example...</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrfWYxqAKUXnE1bGikXpUrJeC-Ce56nFzagV8Zr1PzjSw8w6BzoeRUl0sJmwlgbeuU9sSTIhr2wOSE5kTMZMoiEFQDyyK2olVc4mLcpSuIITltl9k-NRiVAdH_1KxOXaGR7jrSDZCjTnXs/s1600/d1_18_DW_d1_18__MSP7651_final.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrfWYxqAKUXnE1bGikXpUrJeC-Ce56nFzagV8Zr1PzjSw8w6BzoeRUl0sJmwlgbeuU9sSTIhr2wOSE5kTMZMoiEFQDyyK2olVc4mLcpSuIITltl9k-NRiVAdH_1KxOXaGR7jrSDZCjTnXs/s320/d1_18_DW_d1_18__MSP7651_final.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
See how all the action (the light trails in this case) appear first and then the runner, caught sharply with the flash is at the end of the exposure. So Rear curtain or second curtain flash creates images that use slow speed sync in a more realistic way. i use it all the time. In fact my cameras are set to slow speed rear curtain sync as the default setting.<br />
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<b>Flash Exposure Compensation</b><br />
Let's just remind you about flash exposure compensation again, it's very important.<br />
Being able to set more or less (+/-) flash power means that you can give your pictures just a little pop of flash to brighten up or fill in those shadow areas any time you like. Try shooting a portrait with different amounts of minus flash exposure compensation, starting at -0.3 and going on up to -3 (stops). At -3 stops you shouldn't see any flash at all!<br />
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<b>So now it's your turn for the final Level 2 Photography Course assignment...</b><br />
What can you do with flash? If you have just a pop-up flash, try using it for some creative fill-in flash either in daylight or better still at twilight to get some rich ambient colour in the background. if you have a hotshoe flash you can be a bit more ambitious with bounce flash or even off-camera flash with either wireless system triggers or RF triggers. Go for it.<br />
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/week-18-recommended-camera-settings.html">Next week we'll take a look at some recommended camera menu settings</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-69391010239739862742012-04-02T22:05:00.002+01:002012-04-14T13:51:17.213+01:00Week 16: Assignment 3 Differential focusing<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPrTGAMrKrzFVJ3uIIZqPu2Do8Lzk5TOx1gwBO_mf4Y-c0K8el1HLvIdson7xx8sZRxSYIzTOnZ_aqf0KtfiUEj8ekAzKqFdcPOIj8WeXTqBd-K2_13Vqb5TwZCMFuOiiQ5tL1xeU1Ecsh/s1600/A_wet_walk_in_Wet_Sleddale,_Lake_District.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPrTGAMrKrzFVJ3uIIZqPu2Do8Lzk5TOx1gwBO_mf4Y-c0K8el1HLvIdson7xx8sZRxSYIzTOnZ_aqf0KtfiUEj8ekAzKqFdcPOIj8WeXTqBd-K2_13Vqb5TwZCMFuOiiQ5tL1xeU1Ecsh/s320/A_wet_walk_in_Wet_Sleddale,_Lake_District.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<strong>One essential skill that we need to master is called differential focusing.</strong></div>
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It's not really about using a specific camera control or setting, but rather it's about how we use a combination of depth of field, composition and thinking about how the subject we are photographing will look to the viewer.<br />
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So it's more of a conceptual thing. Differential focusing is about isolating a single subject using a short depth of field and considering where you will place the emphasis, the <strong>focal point </strong>in your composition and how it will relate to all the other, out-of-focus elements in your composition.</div>
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<strong>Let's have a look at some examples.</strong></div>
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In the image below is a signpost indicating the National Cycle Network. On it's own it doesn't make much of a photo. But if I wait for a cyclist to ride past in the background, it makes a more interesting shot. Showing an out-of-focus cyclist in the background gives the sign added meaning and context, it allows us to understand the point of the image.</div>
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<a href="http://27.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lp1mzoW5qS1r0r16lo1_500.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" class="image_thumbnail" data-mce-src="http://27.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lp1mzoW5qS1r0r16lo1_500.jpg" height="122" id="thumbnail_photo_8169409726" src="http://27.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lp1mzoW5qS1r0r16lo1_500.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" width="150" /></a>I needed to separate the <em>subject</em> (the sign) from the <em>background</em> (the cyclist<em>) s</em>o I <em>differentiated </em>between them by using a short DOF to isolate the subject. A cyclist eventually turned up about 10 minutes later and I shot the photo. The background <em>relates</em> to the foreground and it gives us lots of meaning and information. But the subject remains the sign. This is differential focusing working well. Photographers use this idea all the time.</div>
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<strong>Here are some more examples</strong>:</div>
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<strong>Example 1: Sailing boat mooring at the dock.</strong></div>
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<a href="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lue9zcElTC1ql9z7d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-mce-src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lue9zcElTC1ql9z7d.jpg" src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lue9zcElTC1ql9z7d.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" /></a>The <em>story </em>that I wanted to tell here, was all about the activity on the landing stage, about the sailors tying up their boats and working with ropes and so on. The ropes and lines therefor were important and I wanted to make sure they stood out as the subject. The answer was to focus in on the ropes and the hands of the sailor, keeping them sharp and making them the focal point, <em>differentiating </em>between them and the boat in the background. The boat is the context, the ropes are the subject. They relate to each other. Using a short depth of field to throw the background out of focus allows me to focus your attention on the subject, rather than the background.</div>
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<strong>Example 2: Wine glass on a table</strong></div>
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<a href="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luea0bHcYz1ql9z7d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-mce-src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luea0bHcYz1ql9z7d.jpg" src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luea0bHcYz1ql9z7d.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" /></a>In this shot, the subject is the glass of wine. It creates an atmosphere and an ambience for the photo of a restaurant table setting. The white napkins and table service are not, in themselves particularly interesting but the wine glass, with it's rich colour and illusion to an appetizing meal to come, offers a perfect focal point. I am able to include the <em>impression</em> of the rest of the table setting by including it all as a soft, out-of-focus back drop and foreground. Controlling the depth of field to just include the wine glass allows me to do this. This is differential focusing being used to create a </div>
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<em>story </em>or an<em> idea.</em></div>
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<strong>Example 3: Map and compass</strong></div>
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<a href="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luea10hWDN1ql9z7d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-mce-src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luea10hWDN1ql9z7d.jpg" src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luea10hWDN1ql9z7d.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" /></a>In this shot, the story is all about navigation on the fells. The sharp focus on the hands, using a map and compass show us that these are the important subjects. I have separated them from the background by using a short depth of field to throw the background scenery out of focus. I have therefore <em>differentiated </em>between subject (map and compass) and context (background scenery). If I included the background scenery in sharp focus there is a danger that the <em>story</em> or the <em>meaning</em> of the photo would be lost. It might start to look more like a landscape photo!</div>
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<strong>Example 4: Computer keyboard</strong></div>
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<a href="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luea1sC15p1ql9z7d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-mce-src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luea1sC15p1ql9z7d.jpg" src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luea1sC15p1ql9z7d.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" /></a>Remember, differential focusing isn't <em>just</em> about controlling a short depth of field - it also allows us to make connections between subject and background. Sometimes the <em>out-of-focus </em>background gives us more information, more meaning and is therefore more important than the <em>in-focus</em> subject. In this shot, it's only the out-of-focus background elements that allow us to infer that this shot is all about people using computers. It's not just a still-life photo of a computer keyboard.</div>
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<strong>Controlling your depth of field:</strong></div>
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<strong>Foreground</strong></div>
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<strong> </strong>In this photo, the elements consist of a book, a drink and a glass. The aim of the shot is focus the viewers attention on foreground subject (book) but use the other elements (drink and glass) to provide some simple background context.</div>
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The book is placed <strong>close</strong> to the camera lens. This will immediately create a short DOF. Remember that DOF is relative to subject-to-camera distance. The shorter the distance, the shorter the DOF. The lens is set at 70mm, a short telephoto setting. Telephoto lenses shorten DOF because they have the effect of bringing the subject closer to the camera, another way of creating a short subject-to-camera distance.</div>
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We have created a situation now, where focusing on the book, close to the lens with a telephoto will guarantee that any DOF we get will remain very small. In fact it's so small that we get away with shooting at f8. When we're close up, we get a tiny DOF at <em>any</em> aperture setting.</div>
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So as long as the other elements of the photo are placed at a reasonable distance they are guaranteed to fall outside of the zone of sharpness, the DOF. OK, that was easy. Now let's move to the middle distance...</div>
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<strong>Middle distance</strong></div>
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<a href="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lu17axFpUI1ql9z7d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-mce-src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lu17axFpUI1ql9z7d.jpg" src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lu17axFpUI1ql9z7d.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" /></a>In this photo, the subject is the drink in the middle. The foreground and background elements are just supporting subjects that give some simple context and added interest. The lens is set to 80mm in this shot. Being slightly more telephoto than in the first shot, the available DOF at any aperture will be decreased slightly and that will help us to keep foreground and background out of focus.</div>
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The book is placed very close to the camera to ensure that it remains outside of the DOF created around the bottle.</div>
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There's another important point to consider here; Because DOF is relative to distance, when we focus on more distant objects we create a larger zone of sharpness and as a guide, 1/3rd of this zone will be in front of the subject and 2/3rds will be behind. So as we focus on objects that are further away from the camera it becomes more important to consider the <em>background</em> elements and keeping them outside of the zone.</div>
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To ensure that the glass in the background remains out of focus, we need to move it even further back. If it's too close to the middle object - the bottle - it might be included within the DOF around the bottle and we don't want that to happen.</div>
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<strong>Background</strong></div>
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In this photo, we are focusing on the background element of the shot. In the previous photo, the glass was in the background but it doesn't make a very interesting or bold subject so in this shot the bottle has replaced it.</div>
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Focusing on the background brings some more problems because we are shooting over a greater distance. We know that subjects that are further away will have more DOF because of "subject-to-camera" distance. So the challenge is to include foreground elements but keep them out of the zone of sharpness. Fortunately, we also know that most DOF is created <em>behind </em>the subject we focus on, not in front of it.</div>
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So as long as we have enough distance between the sharp, background subject and the unsharp foreground we can create a decent differential between the two. If the objects are too close together, the foreground elements will start to appear too sharp and too dominant and we will loose the idea of differential focusing. The easiest way to ensure all the foreground elements stay out of focus is to place them close to the camera, or get up close to them.</div>
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<b>OK. Now it's your turn.</b> </div>
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Go and see what you can do with differential focusing. Remember that it's not just about short depth of field. It's about context and relating out-of-focus elements to those that we have focused on; it's about making connections between these elements to tell a story, inform the viewer and give the photo more meaning.<br />
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/flash-of-inspiration.html">Next Week is the final Assignment for level 2 Photography and it's all about flash.</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-65877848521152954092012-03-17T16:27:00.001+00:002012-04-14T13:49:49.924+01:00Week 15 Assignment 2 Creative use of apertures<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieRnXOaYr9PP4vNyKOIZgzWFSR2A-r0lwJxK8qX49OPrRndXjtE0KJ14zjtyJV2oEgI6Q21sb0alIYLLygvAj8KB0xaQHdfkgKtRYcYlAqViGtfVNiFm0r2ThuuDcBEWp32r8imrALJ1Yj/s1600/d10050-8662.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieRnXOaYr9PP4vNyKOIZgzWFSR2A-r0lwJxK8qX49OPrRndXjtE0KJ14zjtyJV2oEgI6Q21sb0alIYLLygvAj8KB0xaQHdfkgKtRYcYlAqViGtfVNiFm0r2ThuuDcBEWp32r8imrALJ1Yj/s320/d10050-8662.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Before we set off on assignment 2, let's just take a moment to remind ourselves what apertures are really all about; <b>Depth of Field.</b><br />
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Variable apertures are helpful to enable us to control exposure but they're not absolutely necessary. We could make perfectly good exposures with just a single aperture and variable shutter speeds. In fact, that's exactly how a pin hole camera works. It has just a single aperture - the pin hole - and variable shutter, ie the length of time you uncover the pin hole. So variable apertures are not essential for getting good exposure, just helpful. No, what apertures are really essential for is varying and controlling depth of field - that zone of sharpness we get when we focus a lens on a subject. That's the creative power of apertures and it's using that creative power to enhance our photographs that assignment 2 is all about.<br />
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The idea is to create two photographs that really use the creative possibilities of depth of field in a meaningful, thoughtful and eye-catching way. It's a chance to show off your technical ability (look what I can do with depth of field!) and expand your creative horizons (what happens if I use a really short depth of field with this subject?)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>TASK.</b><br />Produce 2 photographs to demonstrate the effective and creative use of Apertures to Control Depth of Field<br />Create a photograph that uses a wide aperture (f2.8 or similar) to produce a limited or short depth of field.<br />Create a photograph that uses a narrow aperture (f22) to produce maximum or long depth of field.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>Here are two examples.</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The landscape photo of a river and stone bridge is a classic example where a <b>large depth of field</b> is going to help the photo. Being a landscape photo we really expect to be able to see every detail clearly focused and well defined throughout the image, from front to back. And there's a lot of useful things that happen when we approach a landscape photo with the intention of creating a large depth of field. To get max DoF we know we are going to be using a small aperture right? Probably f22. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">OK, that means we are going to be forced to use a slow'ish shutter speed, because that little f stop is not going to be letting in much light. Slow shutter speed means camera shake. Camera shake is no good, so we are forced to use a tripod to avoid it. Tripod means we don't have a camera shake problem and we can actually use pretty much any shutter speed we like without worrying about camera shake. So we can drop the ISO to the lowest level possible - that's great for quality, low ISO means no digital noise in the picture. And of course a slow shutter speed means that anything moving in the frame will appear as a motion blur. In a landscape there are only a few things that are likely to move around; People, traffic, wind blown trees etc, clouds and water. This is all good for landscape photos because motion blur in all these things will make the picture look better. That's why landscape photographers always use a tripod.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Well, there it is. Your job is to see what you can do with minimum and maximum depth of field. Pick subjects that will really benefit from the treatment you give them so you can learn to get the best effect out of the f-stop you choose. Landscape-style subjects generally look better with a large depth of field, portrait or specific object photos look good with short depth of field.</span></div>
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/week-16-assignment-3-differential.html">Next Week: Assignment 3 is differential focusing</a></div>
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-63692689148107966962012-03-10T00:28:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:46:51.049+01:00Week 14: Assignment 1 Creative use of Shutter Speeds<b>If this is the first post you are reading on The Complete Level 2 Photography Course, stop! Read the preceding 13 posts first!</b><br />
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Here it is, the first assignment. It's pretty easy really. Won't take too much time. All you have to do is research, plan, test and shoot two photographs. The first will be "creative use of a fast shutter speed" and the second will be, you guessed it, "creative use of a slow shutter speed". By "creative use" I mean thinking up a shot that really uses the attributes and benefits of shutter speeds to create a picture that looks great.<br />
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If you're using a fast shutter speed, what would look amazing frozen in a moment of time, seen as only a fast shutter speed, still image can show it? And with a slow shutter speed, what can you do with motion blur and timed exposures that will give us a unique view of the world that is different from our normal visual experience? Because that's what shutter speeds do for us in photography. They allow us to capture images that offer a view of the world that is uniquely different from our normal vision. That is their power. Go to it.<br />
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<b>1. Aim of the assignment</b></div>
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The aim of this assignment is to allow students to experiment and learn about the techniques of using different shutter speeds as a creative tool to control movement. Variable shutter speeds allow the photographer to make creative decisions about how the final image will look with regards to movement. Slow shutter speeds allow us to create the impression of movement whilst fast shutter speeds allow us to freeze movement and preserve detail or capture a moment of time. We are also able to combine elements of both techniques through the use of panning technique where the camera follows the subject and renders it sharp whilst still using a slow shutter speed, which renders the static background as a blur.<br />
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Your task is going to be to produce two photographs that demonstrate the effective and creative use of shutter speeds. The important point there is "creative use". It's easy enough to set a fast and slow shutter speed on your camera and shoot away but so what? That doesn't make your photos creative or useful or unique in any way. The trick is to consider whether the subject will benefit through using the shutter speed in a creative way. It will, if it has movement. Static subjects don't care about shutter speed. They look the same at 1/1000 second as they do at 1 second. Moving subjects however look completely different at these speeds. So being creative with shutter speeds demands subjects that have plenty of movement and your job is going to be to decide how best to treat the subject - fast to freeze movement or slow to show motion.<br />
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Here's two photos that use a slow shutter speed to create or enhance movement. The light trails take the idea of movement and turn it into something that would not otherwise be visible to the eye. I shot this shortly after sunset on a hill overlooking the M6 in Cumbria, where there was a curve in the road to create a more interesting shape. The shutter speed was about 30 seconds but I only figured that out through test shots - which took about 5 minutes to do. The key with picture like this is not to wait until dark but start shooting shortly after sunset when there's still some light in the sky. Otherwise you get no background ambient light and the sky goes black - which is boring.<br />
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The factory chimneys was also a bit experimental. I didn't know what to expect but the wind was fairly strong so I had a good idea that the smoke would produce a decent blur. Putting the little stream in the foreground added another element of movement and also a contrasting reflected light to add some interest and colour. Seems to work OK.<br />
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So:<br />
Use a fast shutter speed to freeze movement. (A fast speed is more than 1/500 second)<br />
Use a slow shutter speed to show movement. (A slow speed is less than 1/30 second)<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>How to structure your assignments</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">If you follow this working method you will get the maximum benefit from each of the four assignments in Level 2 Photography. This is not a random set of guidelines - it's the result of analysing how creative people, like photographers, approach a new creative project, commission or assignment. This is how I work - or pretty close to it - and how most other photographers work as well, with variations.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>Visual Research.</b> Start by looking for ideas and inspiration on-line through websites like Alamy.com and Flickr . The idea is to see what other photographers have achieved with similar subjects or techniques, to inspire ideas of your own. When you have found 2 or 3 examples of images that you like and can use as inspiration, save them to a file on your computer called "research" or "inspiration" or something like that.<br /><br /><b>Ideas & Planning</b>. Keep a notebook or document where you list/describe your ideas and what you hope to produce on this assignment and then do some planning. Planning will include thoughts about equipment, location, lighting, weather, models, props and other necessary items that you will need to have in place in order for you to succeed with your ideas. All photographers do planning, often in a notebook that stays with them.<br /><br /><b>Test shots and analysis</b>. The point of doing test shots is to try out your ideas and techniques and see if it all works out. By doing this you will learn what works and what you need to change and you will have the opportunity to re-asses your photos and do them again to get a better finished result. The process will allow you to learn quickly from mistakes and through experience. Take your best 3 or 4 test shots and do an analysis of strengths, weaknesses and what you learned or are going to change/do differently. The analysis of strengths and weaknesses is critical for your understanding and experience.<br /><br /><b>Final photography.</b> Now you are ready to undertake the final photography, with all the benefits of research, planning, testing and analysis.<br /><br /><b>Project Evaluation.</b> Do a project evaluation and outline what went well and worked, you need to keep doing that the next time; And what went wrong or didn't work so well - try not to do that again. What do you think you have learned from the assignment as a whole? The project evaluation is intended to encompass the whole process of the assignment including research, ideas, planning, testing and final photography.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><i>Hints on Test Shot Analysis </i><br />What have you done?<br />Why have you done it?<br />How have you done it?<br />Does it work?<br />Why? / Why not?<br />Are you going to develop the idea - if not why not? If you are, then describe why?</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><i>Hints on Project Evaluation </i><br />How well have I done with this project?<br />Have I used my time well?<br />What would I have done differently in retrospect?<br />Have I made the most of the available resources?<br />Have I researched a broad range of artists and inspirational material?<br />What part of the project am I least happy with?<br />What part of the project am I happiest with?<br />Has my project changed much from my first ideas as it has developed?<br />Have I learnt about any materials, techniques or processes that are new to me?<br />What artists have I learnt about?<br />Have I adopted any of their techniques and philosophy?<br />Is there anything I might use again within any future projects?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /><a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-15-assignment-2-creative-use-of.html">Next Week: Week 15 Assignment 2 Creative use of apertures (depth of field)</a></span></div>
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-45815406994473071682012-03-10T00:03:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:45:58.005+01:00Week 13: Unlucky; it's time to do some work! How to do the assignments<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje0Z8RKxqN24_5Fv8fkLzIB2_esxcUOIcOxfsAhA5Gdo_7AnqsVxq4dj4TIu56u5l4uqRneBGODpHEsj0EEidKgb5PZeq4UHTzu-9pD68z0FhfnaOakapqGstlnBOm5xm1pUgqYFx89YtK/s1600/d1002-0522.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje0Z8RKxqN24_5Fv8fkLzIB2_esxcUOIcOxfsAhA5Gdo_7AnqsVxq4dj4TIu56u5l4uqRneBGODpHEsj0EEidKgb5PZeq4UHTzu-9pD68z0FhfnaOakapqGstlnBOm5xm1pUgqYFx89YtK/s320/d1002-0522.jpg" width="212" /></a>If you really want to improve your photography it's time to stop reading and start shooting - and writing! Yes, that's right. In order to learn stuff you have to get practical and go out and practice, practice, practice. And then, in order to absorb what you just did you need to review it and the best way to do that is to write about it - like I do.<br />
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So I'm going to give you the same assignments that my students do at college. If you do them, and you write them up on a blog, I guarantee you will learn faster and better. I probably shouldn't say that, someone will try and sue me 'cos they didn't understand that was a figure of speech. But it's true. All my students look at me in horror (or maybe pity?) in week one when I say they have to start a blog and write stuff up each week - and at the end of it they all say that was the best thing possible. Really.</div>
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So, the next thing I'm going to do is show you how to structure each assignment. Again, this is not a random thing. This is laid out the way it is because it works. It works because it's exactly the way that professional photographers work an assignment. It's how I work.</div>
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<b>1: Visual Research</b>.<br />
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Start by looking for ideas and inspiration on-line through websites like Alamy.com and Flickr . The idea is to see what other photographers have achieved with similar subjects or techniques, to inspire ideas of your own. When you have found 2 or 3 examples of images that you like and can use as inspiration, save them to your desktop and upload them to your ‘blog” with annotated notes on why you have chosen these images, and a reference to where the image came from for copyright protection. The idea is to look for an inspirational or "benchmark" image that tackles a similar subject to what you want to shoot, and ask yourself, how can this image help me to understand and achieve my own photo? Does it use interesting lighting? How? Is it a great composition? Why? Is it an unusual camera angle? How does that help it? You get the idea. It's all about understanding what other photographers are doing to get great shots and learning by from that. And it's about looking for great ideas that you haven't thought about so you expand your own horizons. Pro photographers do this all the time.<br />
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<b>2. Ideas & Planning.</b> </div>
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Now list/describe your ideas and what you hope to produce on this assignment and then go onto list/describe your planning. Planning will include thoughts about equipment, location, lighting, weather, models, props and other necessary items that you will need to have in place in order for you to succeed with your ideas. Again, photographers do this - before every assignment most pros are making notes, thinking through the angles and planning the details. You need to be prepared. Great photos don't happen by accident - or at least not often! Mostly they are the result of an inspired idea followed by hard work and planning.<br />
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<b>3. Test shots and analysis.</b> </div>
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The point of doing test shots is to try out your ideas and techniques and see if it all works out. By doing this you will learn what works and what you need to change and you will have the opportunity to re-assess your photos and do them again to get a better finished result. The process will allow you to learn quickly from mistakes and through experience. Include your best 3 or 4 test shots on your blog with an analysis of strengths, weaknesses and what you learned or are going to change/do differently. The analysis of strengths and weaknesses is critical for your understanding and experience.</div>
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Let's think about that for a moment. We all know that if you do something once you stand an even chance of getting right or doing a good job. If you do it twice you can be pretty confident you'll do a better job. It's obvious that practise makes perfect. So it makes perfect sense to go out and test your initial ideas for a great photo if you can. Then analyse it in the cold light of, well the computer screen. You'll see mistakes, errors of lighting, composition, camera angle, choice of lens or whatever. You'll see parked cars in the background, litter on the ground, twigs sticking out of your models ear! Stuff you just didn't notice through the viewfinder 'cos you were too busy wrestling with apertures and shutter speeds and focus and getting the angle right. But now you have the opportunity to try it again with that new found knowledge. So go to it. Incidentally, pro shooters don't often get the chance to re-shoot, we have to get it right there and then, that's what we're paid for. Doesn't work out that way sometimes though, and I always test ideas out when I can. Saves a lot of stress on the day.<br />
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<b>4. Final photography.</b> </div>
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Now you are ready to undertake the final photography, with all the benefits of research, planning, testing and analysis. Once you have the final images completed, you can upload them into a “Photo Post” on your blog or Flickr page or whatever, with appropriate cations for each image and get some feedback from your network of "critics"! You need as much feedback as you can get. What do people really think of your images? Ask them. Get honest, useful, critical analysis - and not from your mum! She'll love everything you do, however bad it is.<br />
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<b>5. Project Evaluation. </b></div>
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Finally, you will need to write a short project evaluation which will outline what went well with the project overall; what went badly/wrong and what you think you have learned from the assignment as a whole. The project evaluation is intended to encompass the whole process of the assignment including research, ideas, planning, testing and final photography. The idea is for you to sit back and take a long hard look at how did with the project. Did you succeed or fail? How? Why? </div>
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As photographers, we have to be honest and open about our work. We must learn to recognise poor photos from good photos. We should try to learn from our mistakes and repeat our successes. The late, great American landscape/adventure photographer Galen Rowell said that he always tried to figure out what really worked in his photos so he could try to keep doing that, and what really didn't work so he could try not to do that again. That's our aim here.</div>
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Good Luck!<br />
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-14-assignment-1-shutter-speeds.html">Next Week: Ready for Assignment 1?</a></div>
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<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-76758718230643352142012-03-09T23:03:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:44:51.228+01:00Week 12: Professional workflow. Get sorted<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<a href="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxwfrsM3VG1ql9z7d.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxwfrsM3VG1ql9z7d.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="320" /></a>Industry “best practice” for handling workflow with RAW and Jpeg images.<br />
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Having a clear framework for digital image production, editing and output is vital for photographers to be able to organise, archive and locate their images day to day, month to month and year to year. You don’t want to waste time doing basic image editing and admin tasks that could be automated in a simple and effective workflow that starts with downloading your photos from your camera…<br />
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Introduction - Digital image editing and cataloguing software<br />
There are many software applications that are designed to help you organise, catalogue and edit your digital images. Some have professional spec image development tools whilst others are primarily intended for cataloguing and organising files and folders as a “photo library” or archive.<br />
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One of the most popular free applications is “Picasa” from Google which is free to download and includes basic image editing tools but is a powerful cataloguing application and organises your images into folders easily. Other applications are more powerful but also more expensive. Adobe Lightroom is fast becoming the industry standard application for many professional photographers and most of what follows is based on Lightroom…</div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="rg_hi" height="149" id="rg_hi" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRK_82iZTVWAbCFYsdtzLqHlYzuEckzWH_hmt_CKHe5y2eJMNhB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="200" /> </span></span></div>
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<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pic 1. Photo-mechanic</span></em></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <img class="rg_hi" height="164" id="rg_hi" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ0fL8i5OnXEbaRTYEzL-I8G7qs0Ye5RuKAhPncwlDQ-C-4MZBsYA" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="267" /></span></div>
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<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pic 2. Adobe Lightroom</span></em></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="rg_i" height="119" 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" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="166" /></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pic 3. Adobe Photoshop Elements</span></em></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>STEP 1</b></span></span></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Up-load your images from camera to computer<br />NOTE: It’s very common for camera manuals to recommend importing photos from the camera by using the supplied mini USB cable. There has been some suggestion that this is not a good idea. It can be a very slow way to import a lot of photos, using a dedicated card reader is normally much quicker and USB cables carry a power current which could harm your camera unless they are properly suppressed.<br /><br />By using a decent image editing package like Apple’s Aperture, Adobe Lightroom, Photoshop (Elements or CS) or possibly even the OEM package that shipped with your camera, you can quickly edit, do fast post-production and do captioning and key-wording even as your images are being imported onto your computer.<br /><br />I use (and recommend) Lightroom (the current version is v4). Because that is what I use, I’m going to base the rest of this conversation around my workflow in Lightroom. You may not have Lightroom and you may have a different approach to your workflow. That’s fine - whatever works for you is OK. I’m just going to outline my approach and you can take from it what you will.<br /><br />So, This is how I do it:<br />The CF card gets plugged into a dedicated card reader connected to an iMac via USB cable. The import dialogue opens in Abode Lightroom as soon as a card is detected. The import dialogue allows many options to be chosen.</span></span></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></strong><br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></strong><br />
<ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="display: inline !important;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><img class="rg_hi" height="235" id="rg_hi" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTt7O4CSM1iVIburdcmxqsNFPUbWAM-Gy676XF5OdGZXZySZEYb" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="214" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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</span></strong></ul>
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</span><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Import to Hard Drives.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></ul>
<ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Ideally you will have two external hard drives, mirror images of each other. Hard drives are cheap and robust and you can buy them easily in pairs. 750Gb to 1Tb capacity drives will be sufficient for most people. You can also set up a simple software program that copies any changes that occur on drive A to drive B so now you have a main external hard drive, safe from virus attack and corruption problems and a back-up hard drive that mirrors your main hard drive and provides a complete back-up of all your photos. Do not keep your photos on your main computer (they take up too much room and can get corrupted too easily) particularly if it’s a laptop – very easy to loose or have stolen! Incidentally, using cd or dvd as a backup is OK in the short term but unwise long-term as these discs have a shelf life and can become unreadable after as little as 3 or 4 years. Lightroom also gives me the option to create a complete back-up of the import on my C-drive just in case. I always use this and then delete the back-ups once a month or so when I’m confident I have everything safely stored and backed-up on my external drives.</span></span></ul>
<ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Specify a location and re-name your photos. </span></span></ul>
</strong></ul>
</strong></span></span></span></ul>
</strong></span></span></span></ul>
<ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></ul>
</strong></ul>
</strong></span></span></span></ul>
</strong></span></span></span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Now is the time to decide where you are going to store your images. If you are organised you will have sorted out a file and folder system or date order system for storing your photos. If you have not and your images are being stored in a random order, scattered throughout your computer, you need to address this right now! You are building a photo “library” and it needs to be as organised as a book library otherwise, years from now you will struggle to find your photos when you need to. Specify where your photos will be imported to and re-name them with whatever file/folder naming convention that you are using.</span></span></ul>
</strong></ul>
</strong></span></span></span></ul>
</strong></ul>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Image developing options in the import dialogue.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">If you shoot Jpeg images, the files should ideally come out of the camera ready to use and should not require very much in the way of image developing or post-production – that’s what Jpegs are designed for. However, if you shoot RAW then all of the image developing still needs to be done and often you can do most of this in one go as the images are being imported. A program like Lightroom allows you to use pre-set image developing settings that can be applied to all images as they are being imported, which means that you have only a few tweaks to make after the images are imported.<br /><br />Once you have selected the source and the destination, given the destination folder an appropriate name if necessary, set the re-name files option if required, done the globalkeywords, global captions and global image processing that you want and you’ve appended any metadata files you’ve set up, your ready to hit the import button. But there’s nothing here that you can do wrong - if you make a mistake in Lightroom with just about any option, you can undo it or revise it at any time, which is why the software is so good to use.<br /><br />So I now go ahead and hit Import Images. All my images should download from my memory card into the right file, in the right folder, with correct file names, keywords and captions, with metadata and with develop settings already done. That saves me a load of work later on.<br /><br /><b>STEP 2: Editing</b><br />If you have organised your workflow in this manner so far, you should have a straightforward job of editing now. You need to zip through each image and decide which are “keepers” and which are “trash”. Be ruthless and get rid of the failed images as fast as you can! Then you can concentrate on the images that are worthwhile.<br /><br />When you have edited your collection down to the keepers, you can go through and tweak the developing. Each image will need to have its’ histogram examined and small exposure changes applied to maximize the tonal range or get the “look” that you want.<br /><br />Lightroom gives me a number of options and ways of tagging or flagging images when I’m editing, so I can give them ratings or organise them into groups according to my needs. First I can flag them as picks, un-flagged or rejects. I start by just using pick (P) or reject (X). When I’ve been through the lot, I hit Cmd Delete and delete all the rejects (X’s) off my system. I’m pretty ruthless about this and once I’ve made the decision to mark a shot as rejected I almost never change my mind, hence the deletion. If I do decide I’ve made a mistake at a later date, all is not lost. I still have that backup of the original download on my C-drive that I can access to re-instate the image if I need to. Once I’ve deleted all the initial rejects, I go through the shoot again, this time with a more critical eye. I’m looking to downgrade as many of the images as possible to “un-flagged” status or find images that ought to be rejected but were missed first time around. What I should end up with is an elite collection of Pick images from the shoot and a whole bunch of un-flagged “nearly-but-not-quite” shots that will do for extra stock. What I hope is that I will have got rid of all the sub-standard stuff by now - never have to look at them again!<br /><br />STEP 3: Post Production<br /><br />Now it’s time to fine-tune just the <i>picks</i>. I don’t bother with the un-flagged shots until I have to actually use them.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR9Fd5cRV-VSBsOhyVg6G1LCw5PJX8BXZJPNHhuEKrSyWulpUS9" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" class="rg_hi" height="168" id="rg_hi" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR9Fd5cRV-VSBsOhyVg6G1LCw5PJX8BXZJPNHhuEKrSyWulpUS9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="301" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong></span></span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Cropping. </span></strong></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</strong></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">It makes sense to take care of any cropping of the image first so you don’t waste time trying to do post production on areas of the image that are going to get cropped out. At the same time, you can do image rotation if the horizon or vertical lines need adjusting and if you have the tools (Lightroom does), you can also fix convergence or divergence.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"></span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong><br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong><br />
<ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></li>
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gDy9u1foHaq+EaTXhOa1rpmUpgC4g7KEID/2Q==" 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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></li>
</ul>
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</ul>
</strong></span></li>
</strong></ul>
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</strong></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Histograms. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">For most images that contain a range of tones from deep shadow to bright highlight, the histogram should be contained within the black point and the white point. In fact many photo-libraries will specify that images submitted to them should be contained within the tonal range of 2-254. What does that mean? Well, absolute black in a digital photo is described as tone 0 and there are 256 tones represented on a camera’s histogram, tone 256 is absolute white. Mid grey – midtone – is halfway between these two extremes at 128. Any tone that is darker than mid grey will have a value of between 128 and 0, whilst any tone lighter than mid tone will be 128 -256. If you produce a photo in which the histogram displays a range of tones that start at about 2 (almost black) and finish at about 254 (almost white), you will have captured very nearly the full range of tones possible without actually reducing your darkest tone to black or your lightest tone to white, which means you will havesome detail in the shadows and some detail in the highlights – and that’s what photo-libraries want. Of course, sometimes your photos will need to have black or white in them – a silhouette for example, will by definition contain lots of black – tone 0. But if your photo looks like it ought to contain a full range of tones, tweak the exposure controls to make your histogram fit between the black point and the white point. Over-running the black or white point is called “clipping” and is normally to be avoided.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /><br />Fixing exposure problems. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Most exposure problems, errors in which the exposure has been slightly over or under cooked, can be fixed just using exposure, contrast, and colour balance controls and don’t require a lot of post-production work. Generally, the less you do the better and if you are shooting Jpegs you really don’t want to be pushing the digital image very far at all – doing so can very quickly result in a very degraded photo.</span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />White balance. </span></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Again Jpegs should have their white balance fixed in the camera at the point of shooting. Although Jpeg white balance can be fixed in Photoshop or similar using the colour balance controls, it requires a bit of fiddling and an understanding of how RGB and CMY colours work together. RAW files however can be white balanced very easily in any raw converter software with a simple slider control. It’s one of the reasons why RAW is preferred by photographers. White balance refers to how cameras treat colours under different coloured light sources. If you didn’t already know, daylight is “blue” light and is how we normally perceive colours – but household lights are tungsten and are orange in colour. Clearly, to a camera colours illuminated by blue light will look very different to colours illuminated by orange light, hence the need for white balance. Auto white balance controls on cameras usually work well, but not always, so when shooting Jpegs, be prepared to set manual white balance in the camera. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />Colour balance.</span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Fixing colour balance is really about looking for colour casts that shouldn’t be there, or returning coloured areas to a more natural state. Greens and blues for example can acquire colour cast that make them look wrong; Greens ca sometimes look too yellow or magenta whilst blue skies can tend towards magenta or purple. Skin tones in portraits are worth looking out for as well – they can look too green or blue. Tweaking the colour saturation or better still the colour vibrance controls can help a lot.</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />Noise & Dust. </span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS6jbvS4-ZB9DTUs0T2nFUeX1LHn1C-IJnDEJQI8uaAum8UBmAf" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" class="rg_hi" height="188" id="rg_hi" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS6jbvS4-ZB9DTUs0T2nFUeX1LHn1C-IJnDEJQI8uaAum8UBmAf" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="269" /></a><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Once your photo is looking healthy and natural you will want to check it for noise and for dust marks. Noise is a product of high ISO values, small sized digital sensors and over or under exposure leading to loss of high light or shadow detail and speckling. Compact and “bridge” cameras always exhibit more noise than DSLR’s, Dx DSLR’s often show more noise than Fx or full frame DSLR’s. Most decent image editing programs have filters to allow you to attempt to hide or disguise any obvious signs of noise with a simple slider control. Another type of noise is “edge” or “colour” fringing which is seen as a coloured band or fringe along the edges of high-lights, often purple or blue in colour. Again, a good tool like Lightroom will detect these edges and allow you to dial them out with a slider control. Dust is a major problem on digital cameras, particularly DSLR’s where the sensor is more exposed during lens changing and so on. The only reliable way to spot dust marks is by examining your images at 100% scale on the monitor. You will see the dust marks as dark spots or splodges in areas of continuous light tone – typically the sky or areas of water. They don’t tend to show up in areas of dark detail so much. To get rid of them you should use the “healing” tool in your image editing software – occasionally the “clone” tool will be more appropriate – and if there are a lot of dust marks, clean your camera sensor with an approved swab and sensor cleaning product. However, do not be tempted to use canned compressed air – the propellant used in these products will ruin your sensor!</span></strong></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">STEP 4: Fine tuning in post production</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxwermm7Ce1ql9z7d.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxwermm7Ce1ql9z7d.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="320" /></a><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />Lightroom has some powerful post production tools, like it’s ND Grad filters, dodge and burn tools, anti-red eye tool and so on. It also has a lot of creative “pre-set filters” for black and white, sepia or colour masking and it has other tools too. Thee are tools you use with discretion but it’s your choice when and how to use them. I find that I use the ND Grad tool all the time!</span><br />
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></strong></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="clear: left; float: left; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img height="200" src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxwg1nzCvl1ql9z7d.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="320" /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /><br />Here’s a landscape (Langdale Pikes) that I’ve been working on, using the ND Grad tool to really bring out the sky detail and create some extra shadow drama! I can also open the image in Photoshop, direct from Lightroom, complete with Lightroom changes applied, if I want to, in order to do re-touching work using layers which Lightroom doesn’t have. Lightroom and Photoshop work seamlessly in this way.</span></strong></div>
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<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />STEP 5: Ready to export<br />In Lightroom you don’t need to export your images to save them, they are already saved and can be closed when you have applied all the post production. However, at some stage you will want to send them to a printer, or email them or upload them to a website. This is when you will need to export…<br />Different destinations will have different requirements for outputting your photos. A publisher will need a different kind of file to a print house or photo-finishing lab and your ink jet printer will need something different again. Website and email applications need low res images at 72 ppi (dpi) whereas an ink jet will want something between 150 and 270 ppi. A publisher will want 300 ppi.</span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Sending your images to be published?<br />This is the spec you would output to for a magazine or publisher:<br />Jpeg (standard Jpeg, not Jpeg 2000)<br />300dpi (ppi)<br />specified pixel dimensions (eg “at least 2500 pixels on the long side”)<br />Specified file size (eg “between 1 and 1.5 mb compressed)<br />sRGB colour space (not Adobe RGB)<br />8 bit file (not 16 bit)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />File format. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Just about everyone, except perhaps photo libraries, will want Jpeg files. They are universally readable by all computers, take up minimal file space because they are compressed and are easily emailed or sent via FTP or uploaded to web. You may come across Jpeg2000 – don’t use this – it’s a different coding method (actually superior to Jpeg) but requires decoding software and is not generally supported by website browsers. Jpegs can be compressed at a variety of quality settings. Most editors will want a good level of quality and ask for quality setting of High, 10 or above. This just means that the Jpeg won’t be compressed too much.</span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />Dpi settings. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">First we need to be clear about what dpi and ppi mean. Dpi isDots per Inch and refers to how many dots of ink per inch a printer needs to render an image at photographic quality. It has nothing to do with the quality or resolution of your photo. That is controlled by how many pixels you have in the image. So ppi is how many pixels per inch the printer will be printing onto paper. The more pixels you have, the more of them can be printed per inch, so the higher the quality of the print. So dpi and ppi tend to be used interchangeably. But they have nothing to do with the quality of your image. If you are changing/upsizing the dpi/ppi setting in your software, make sure you have “resample image” turned OFF, and if have a setting that says “maintain original size”, make sure this is checked ON otherwise the software will try to resize your image to meet these printing requirements and result in a very poor quality file. As a rule, just set your dpi/ppi settings to 300dpi for publication and 72 dpi for web use. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />Pixel dimensions. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">The quality of your photo is determined by the amount of pixels you have, amongst other things. A typical 6 megapixel DSLR like a Nikon D40 produces a file that is 2000 pxls by 3000pxls. If I want a print 10 inches wide I divide 2000 by 10 and get a figure of 200 pixels per inch of print and 3000 divided by 200 equals 15 so my print is 10 inches wide by 15 inches high at 200 ppi. This is perfect for a high quality print. So when an editor asks for a specific pixel dimension (say, 3500 pixels on the long edge) what he’s really saying is that if you send a file that contains that many pixels he can be sure he can make a print that is at least 15 inches wide and that’s big enough for anyone!</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />File Size. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Often we are asked for specific file sizes or file sizes not exceeding a certain size. This is because either it won’t be accepted as email or it’s too big for the ftp client to handle or some other reason. It’s easy to compress Jpegs to fit a given file size, it just takes a couple of trial runs with different levels of compression to check the compressed file size meets the requirement. A 12 megapix camera will make a 28mb jpeg which will produce an 8mb file when compressed at maximum quality setting 10 or 12. Reduce the compression to 35% and you get 1.5mb file, which will still open to a 28mb file when full sized. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />Colour space. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">There are a number of “colour spaces” that a digital file can be saved in but typically we only talk about two of them – AdobeRGB and sRGB. From the point of view of publishing images, set your camera to sRGB and export your images as sRGB. Don’t use Adobe RGB unless you really have a good reason for doing so. AdobeRGB files print very flat and dull, sRGB files print much better, full of contrast and colour. It’s also harder for a printer to muck up your colours in sRGB! </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />8 bit files. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Most RAW digital files come out of the camera as 12 bit files but are can be processed as 16 bit files. However, when you convert them back to 8 bit files you halve the file size – which is good! Only send 8 bit files, there’s no benefit in doing otherwise, unless you are sending files to a graphic designer who is going to do a lot of post-production with them. Jpegs are already 8 bit. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />In Lightroom, when I export my image files, I can select from pull-down menus all the parameters that I want for the files that I’ve selected to export. It doesn’t change the image file in any way. It just applies these parameters to a copy of the image file which it creates and exports with these changes and settings. The original files are untouched. I generally use the following settings to create a high res file for publishing: </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />8 bit, sRGB, 300dpi, 100% Jpeg, original size, with medium output sharpening applied, saved to a named folder in My Pictures or to another destination, complete with My Metadata, an image caption and full keywording. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ0aWW2QGaQ6oJYmac2AwvGlLVXaMm3mqgxQMSgi94rpd0zg1Fe" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" class="rg_hi" height="221" id="rg_hi" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ0aWW2QGaQ6oJYmac2AwvGlLVXaMm3mqgxQMSgi94rpd0zg1Fe" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="228" /></a><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />If I’m exporting for email or web, I use 8bit, sRGB 72dpi, 50% Jpeg, with high sharpening for screen applied and saved to whatever folder I’ve specified.<br />Lightroom actually enables me to make any number of pre-sets for saving images to specific or regular destinations or target settings and I use this facility a lot.</span></strong><br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong><br />
<ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</strong></ul>
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="clear: left; float: left; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">STEP 6: Alternative ways or delivering an image<br />On Disc – cd or dvd<br />Via FTP<br />Email<br />Web client (Photoshelter)</span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Delivering images to an editor or publisher, at speed to meet deadlines, can be made very simple. Here’s some solutions.</span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong><br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></span></span></strong></span></strong></div>
</div>
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"></span></strong><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong><br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Burning the image files onto disc.</span></strong></span></span></strong></span></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></span></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">This is universal and easy to do. But there’s a couple of things to point out. Some disc drives don’t like cd’s, some don’t like dvd’s and the quality of discs can be variable. Just because you can read the files on a disc doesn’t mean the client at the other end can. So use good quality discs. You should always include a file that contains your contact and copyright information and always label your discs clearly with your name and contact details because discs are easily misplaced, lost, left lying around in offices and generally misused! I never send images on disc if I can help it! </span></strong></span></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong></span></span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">FTP. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">This is better. It’s quick, efficient and safe if the client has a dedicated ftp server. You can use free ftp clients like Mozilla’s “Filezilla” which is a free download or if you use Mac as I do, use Fetch which is excellent. You can also use third party ftp websites like “yousendit” and “mailbigfile” – they work very well.</span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Email. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">If you can email the client your images then great! It’s easy and safe and costs you nothing.</span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Web client. </span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">This is what I use. I have a Photoshelter account that allows me to upload large numbers of images, make galleries and invite clients to view the galleries. It allows them to download the images they want from the galleries, which I can monitor and track and if I want to I can have them pay on-line for the images via Paypal. They can download low res images to use in lay-outs and request images that are not on view. So for me and a growing number of professional photographers around the world, web clients like this offer a complete, safe and efficient solution. It’s probably fair to say that it’s aimed at high-usage and won’t suit writers who only occasionally send image files – but my clients and editors seem to like it and find it very handy.</span></strong></div>
<div class="regular_body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></strong><br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> <img class="rg_hi" height="167" id="rg_hi" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRyzsJAPm69ufPDdujLYtvfdZILJlleJFwGDNogV5T07C_pW9yX" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="302" /></span></span></strong></div>
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br />Conclusion<br />By spending some time thinking though an efficient and thorough digital workflow, your time and energy will be well spent and your images will always arrive in the best possible state for publication. You will have a well referenced and accessible photo library and your editors will know that you can be relied on to produce professional work that doesn’t need loads of post production, captioning and key-wording at their end to be useable. The sooner you get organised the better!<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-13-unlucky-its-time-to-do-some.html">Next Week: Week 13 How to complete the assignments!</a></span></strong></div>
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-40348512733420425512012-03-09T22:38:00.001+00:002012-04-14T13:43:46.126+01:00Week 11: Post production. A quick guide<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
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A guide to help you handle image post production, develop your images, file handling and output…<br />
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This is never going to be an exhaustive tutorial. In fact it will barely scratch the surface. Image post production is a vast and complicated subject but that doesn’t matter because all we need to do here is to get your photos out of your camera and onto your website/blog page/Facebook or whatever with the minimal fuss and bother.<br />
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I’m going to talk only about <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jpeg</strong> files here. If you shoot RAW, I’m going to assume you have all the necessary software (RAW converter) and enough knowledge to handle this yourself.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Download from camera</strong></div>
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Use either the USB cable that came with your camera or a proper card reader that connects to your USB port on your computer. Card readers are best. USB cables carry a live feed to power the USB device and a cable without a proper electronic suppressor fitted (the fat blobby, cylindrical thing on the end of the cable) you could theoretically harm the camera’s electronics. I’ve heard of anyone having this happen but I’ve read about it so…I’m just saying. Anyway, card readers are generally quicker to download a lot of images.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Using your download software</strong></div>
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OK, if you are downloading images for the first time you are going to need some sort software package to handle the incoming photos. You certainly already have an in-built system for handling photos on your operating system but bear in mind that these applications are generally intended for folks downloading family snaps and such from compact cameras and offer only the most basic tools for “fixing” your JPEG photos (they won’t handle RAW). They are quick, convenient and of course free but there are better ways of doing it.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Windows PC:</strong> If you are working with a PC computer running <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Windows Vista,</strong>read the following article, it tells you how to do everything:</div>
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<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Working-with-digital-pictures" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="windows pc photos"></a><a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Working-with-digital-pictures" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Working-with-digital-pictures</a></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Windows 7</strong> users can watch a video all about importing photos onto their system here:</div>
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<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/How-do-I-get-pictures-from-my-camera-to-my-computer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="windows 7 import photo"></a><a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/How-do-I-get-pictures-from-my-camera-to-my-computer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/How-do-I-get-pictures-from-my-camera-to-my-computer</a></div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ly5anqLqO31ql9z7d.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mac users:</strong> If you run a Mac as many photographers do, you already have a complete photo package built in called<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> iPhoto</strong> and you at this stage you don’t really need anything else. Eventaully, like all photographers you’ll start wondering about <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photoshop, Lightroom or Apple Aperture</strong> but right now iPhoto’s got everything you need to get started.</div>
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There’s some great video’s on using iPhoto on the Apple website - here’s one:</div>
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<a href="http://www.apple.com/ilife/iphoto/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="iphoto"></a><a href="http://www.apple.com/ilife/iphoto/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.apple.com/ilife/iphoto/</a></div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ly5akf4CEs1ql9z7d.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Getting more information about importing photos</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The easiest way to find out how to do something on your computer (or your camera) is to<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Google it</strong>! Couldn’t be easier. Just type your question into the Google search box and find the answer on-line. There will be pages and pages of articles, forum discussions and website tutorials on just about anything you need to know.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Camera makers own OE software</strong></div>
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If you have a picture package software application that came with your camera, that might do a good job too. Nikon and Canon tend to do pretty good software applications, but some aren’t so good. You’ll just have to try it and see what you think.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">IMPORTANT NOTE:</strong> whatever application you use, when you are downloading images from your camera to your computer there are <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">thr</strong>ee things that you must try and do all the time.</div>
<ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tag or Keyword your images; this gives you a way to search for them years from now. This is vital. the sooner you do this the better.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Catalogue your images as you download them - that means put them into a sensible file/folder system in one place, not randomly scattered all over your computer! Most photo software allows you to import photos in “date order” - this is a pretty good way of organising them so if you don’t have a better plan, import them like that, in date order.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And then back them up somewhere else - preferable on an external hard drive, or maybe on-line or even onto DVD if you don’t have anything better.</li>
</ul>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Developing your photos</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Now that you have all your latest photos downloaded off your camera onto your computer, given them basic tags and keywords, imported them in date order (if that’s the cataloguing system you’ve opted for) and got them in a specific place on you’re computer (did you choose My Pictures?)…you’re ready to edit, fix, re-size and upload to your destination.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Edit your photos</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Editing means going through them and selecting the great shots you want to keep, noting the also-ran’s and deleting the disasters and “so-boring-I-never-want-to-see-them-again’s”!</div>
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On the first run through, if you have any way of “flagging” or rating your shots, rate everything that looks good with one set of flags or ratings (these are your “picks” and everything that looks rubbish with another. If you’re brave enough, delete the rubbish, get it off the system, you don’t need to see it again. If you did a back-up like I said, then you have another version of it anyway, just in case you make a mistake.</div>
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Now go through the “picks” and un-flag anything which isn’t really, really good. You’ll end up with a small selection of real “picks” and whole bunch of “not-quite’s” - and your rubbish will be in the trash can. All photographers do this. It saves you having to wade through rubbish, keeps it off your system and frees up a lot of storage space. And, it teaches you to become selective, discerning and attentive to what looks good, what works, and more importantly what doesn’t. This is crucial if you want to improve your photography.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fix your photos</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
If you set your camera up to shoot Jpegs and you paid attention to setting the “picture styles” up with the proper values for things like colour saturation, sharpening, white balance and so on, then your photos should look pretty good straight out of the camera,<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> assuming you achieved a good exposure!</em></div>
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Trouble is - this doesn’t always happen and anyway, most photos benefit from a bit of “tweaking”.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cropping and rotating</strong></div>
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So, using your photo editing application open the photo you want to work on and start by cropping it. To read how to do that in Windows go here:<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-GB/windows-vista/Crop-a-picture" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="crop in windows"> http://windows.microsoft.com/en-GB/windows-vista/Crop-a-picture</a></div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ly5c4vPs1K1ql9z7d.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Cropping means cutting out the bits that you don’t want, like distracting trees or telephone poles or cars or whatever got into your composition by mistake. Or it can mean changing the shape or emphasis in your photo by re-directing the viewers attention to one side or the other or the middle. Might as well get this bit done first because there’s point in trying to “tweak” bits of the photo that you are later going to discard anyway.</div>
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Once you have your image cropped you might want to rotate it to straighten up the horizon line or make verticals a bit more, well vertical! Most crop tools can do this too.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fixing exposure</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Next we need to fix any exposure problems. Is your photo too dark or too light? Most photo applications have some way of altering the exposure with a simple click of a button. Usually these free tools are crude and global and don’t allow much finesse! That’s why photographers use specialist applications like<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Lightroom and Photoshop</strong>. If you’d like a sneak preview of just how powerful these tools are here’s a link…</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshoplightroom/about/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="lightroom preview"></a><a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshoplightroom/about/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshoplightroom/about/</a></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ly5cnuGiKJ1ql9z7d.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Wow! Good isn’t it? OK it costs money - but so does your camera and your lenses and everything else but it’s only proper, decent software that’s going to enable you to get the most out of your images isn’t it?</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For PC Windows users, there’s a page on “tips for editing your photos” here:</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-GB/windows-vista/Tips-for-editing-pictures" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="tips for editing photos pc"></a><a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-GB/windows-vista/Tips-for-editing-pictures" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://windows.microsoft.com/en-GB/windows-vista/Tips-for-editing-pictures</a></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ly5d274x0Q1ql9z7d.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Re-sizing and saving your photos</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Once you have the photo looking the way you want, you are ready to save it.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Because you are working with Jpeg files, any changes you have made to the file (crop, exposure etc) will be written back to the original file <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">unless</strong> you change it’s name.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">THIS IS IMPORTANT - READ AND UNDERSTAND: </strong><br />
If I have an original file called “myphoto_1234.jpg”, and I do some image editing on it, I will have changed a lot of the file information. None of these changes will be permanent until I hit the <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">save </em>button but I <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">DON”T</strong> want to do this - don’t hit the <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">save</em> button - instead hit the<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">save as </em></strong>button.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This makes a <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">copy</em> of the original file and leaves the original in it’s unaltered state. When you hit the <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">save as</em> button you are asked to name the new jpeg file. Make sure your give the new version a different name - say, “myphoto<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Edit</strong>_1234.jpeg”.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Giving the file a new name means the computer will recognise the file as different from the original. It will write all the changes you made to this new file and store it wherever you specify - either alongside the original file or in a different folder and file. You can make as many copies of the original file as you like with lots of different changes to each one, in different shapes and sizes, saving them at different resolutions and quality levels, some good for prints, some good for email, some good for web (like your tumblr blog). As long as you rename each one, and hit “<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">save as”</em>, the original stays untouched - which means if you get the image processing hopelessly wrong or make a radical change (just for fun) you can always go back to the original and start again.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Save as what?</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
When you hit the <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“save as</em>” button, you will get a dialogue box that asks you for some info. You have to give your file a <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">name </em>as we just discussed. But you also get to give your file a quality setting. This is normally either numerical (1-10) or descriptive (High, Med, Low). This means that the software will re-size your image and compress your photo file-size to fit big size/low compression or small size/high compression or somewhere in between. For web use you want a small size and high compression so your images display quickly and don’t take up much space.</div>
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In terms of file size and values, you want to achieve a file size of around 400KB at 72dpi. Try “saving as” quality level 4 or 5 and see what the file size looks like or use “save as” Low or web size or web quality - what ever your software offers you and again try it out.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">What is dpi/ppi?</strong></div>
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With some software you get to choose even more parameters, like dpi.</div>
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300dpi is high resolution suitable for publishing or photographic prints. 150-250 dpi is medium resolution suitable for ink jet printing and 72dpi is low resolution suitable for email and websites. But dpi doesn’t change the quality of your photo, it just specifies how big or small your picture will print or appear on a page, that’s all. Dpi and ppi are the same thing, dpi is dots per inch, ppi is pixels per inch - what they really mean is how many of you images pixels will printed for every inch of paper.</div>
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If you have 3000 pixels on the long edge of your photo and you print your photo at 300 pixels per inch, your photo will use 300 pixels for every inch of paper. So your print will be 10 inches long. Simple as that. Nothing to do with quality.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">So why do I have to specify 72dpi for web or email?</strong></div>
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Actually you don’t - dots per inch don’t even exist on a computer monitor! The only reason the dpi is specified for monitor resolution is that Mac computers display a single inch of printed text in 72 pixels and PC’s display the same inch of text in 96 pixels, so the PC effectively enlarges the text - the whole thing is about font display and has nothing to do with photos!</div>
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However, the software industry as whole has incorporated the notion of dpi into software, often linking dpi settings to file sizing and compression with jpegs etc. It’s all very confusing but all we can do as photographers is nod our heads and accept that when we upload a picture to the web it should be 72dpi - even though, actually it doesn’t make any difference.</div>
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Sellecting 72dpi will keep our file sizes nice and small, so the image will load quicker!</div>
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If you are interested in reading more about this try here:</div>
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<a href="http://www.scantips.com/no72dpi.html#3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="72dpi myth"></a><a href="http://www.scantips.com/no72dpi.html#3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.scantips.com/no72dpi.html#3</a></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Resizing in Photoshop</strong></div>
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If you use Photoshop and you are struggling to understand the re-sizing options, here’s a page on how to do it…</div>
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<a href="http://www.photoshopessentials.com/essentials/image-resizing.php" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="resizing in photoshop"></a><a href="http://www.photoshopessentials.com/essentials/image-resizing.php" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.photoshopessentials.com/essentials/image-resizing.php</a></div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ly5evrFHQO1ql9z7d.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-12-professional-workflow-get.html">Next Week: Week 12 More on digital workflow</a></div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-6295926578110121072012-03-09T22:10:00.001+00:002012-04-14T13:42:56.207+01:00Week 10: See the light. Fill-in flash<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Times; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvf6mzZAG21ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></span></h2>
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Nearly all modern DSLR and Bridge style cameras have a built in flash, until you get to the “Pro” models, which assume you will be using a more powerful and flexible speedlight on the cameras hotshoe.</div>
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The little pop-up flash is more useful (and more powerful) than you many people think and we’re going to take a look at how to get the best out of it and in what situations it can be applied.<br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">What is ambient light?</strong></div>
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Before we go much further, it would be a good idea to remind ourselves of the difference between ambient light and flash light. Ambient is continuous light. It’s the light that fills the room or the outdoors; it’s normally daylight, sunlight, but it can also be room lights like tungsten or fluorescent, or even moonlight. The defining characteristic is that it’s <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">continuous </em>and that means that the camera can record it using an appropriate <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">shutter </em>speed.</div>
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Here’s some examples of ambient light:</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvf75oXx1N1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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This is a domestic scene shot under ambient tungsten household lighting. As you would expect, the camera has recorded the very warm “yellow/orange” white balance but otherwise the shot looks fine, with good detail and reasonably even lighting across the subject.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvf7a49ljY1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Here’s another subject, this time shot under ambient daylight. the colours and white balance are natural and the shot has good detail and lighting across the whole subject.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Why would we use flash in ambient light?</strong></div>
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Good question. The next shot the ambient light has caused some problems. The portrait of the white flowers was shot against a window with ambient daylight. The daylight behind the subject is clearly brighter than the light on the front of the flower heads, so we get dark shadow areas, loss of details and a semi-silhouetted look.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvf7s6sZ6K1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Now, if we add some fill-flash to the scene using the little pop-up flash, we can pump a bit of light into the front and get the balance just right. In fact, adding flash does more than just light up the dark areas.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvf88knxh11ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Flash adds sharpness and colour</strong></div>
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Flash is a very rapid burst of light, it catches the subject and freezes any motion that might be there, so it helps to add sharpness to the image. It also adds colour, because it penetrates any “shine” on surfaces such as you get on waxy leaves and it saturates colours in clothing and other surfaces.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Danger! Reflection…</strong></div>
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You do have to watch out for “flash reflection” though - if you have any reflective surface directly in front of the flash lens, the camera will record a harsh reflection of the flash, which is unsightly and distracting.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvf912cLjf1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Avoid this by shooting from an angle, so the flash bounces off the reflective surface away from the camera rather than directly back into the lens. I did this with the flower subject above. The window pane would have reflected the flash, but I shot from 45 degrees so the flash bounced away from the lens.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Be creative with fill flash</strong></div>
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Here’s another example. In this shot, I used a powerful spotlight behind the subject to create a silhouette and then “filled it” with some pop-up flash from the camera.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvf95cnnF21ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvf95oBfsV1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Use Flash Exposure Compensation</strong></div>
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In the shot of the carved duck above, I used the flash exposure compensation controls to dial in -1.7 stops of flash. I wanted to fill-in the shadows but blast the the thing with light! I needed to keep the ambience of the backlighting so it was important not to overwhelm the shot with flash. The flash exposure compensation (FEC) control on your camera allows you to set either more (+) or less (-) flash output.</div>
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We rarely need to set more but we use minus flash compensation all the time, to control just how much flash lighting our subject gets. It’s no different to using the power controls on the studio flash to set how much flash a portrait subject gets and the real key to daylight-balanced fill-in flash is set just the right amount of fill-flash to compliment the existing ambient light, not overwhelm it.</div>
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-11-post-production-quick-guide.html">Next Week: A quick guide to post production</a></div>
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<ol class="notes" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></ol>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-38435011983070797032012-03-09T21:54:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:41:43.712+01:00Week 9: Flash, ah ha...saviour etc.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lv8pdh3NyE1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Modern film and digital camera’s use three basic ways of measuring and controlling flash exposure so let’s have a look at them in turn</strong>.</div>
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<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Flash exposure control:</strong></div>
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The first thing to remember about flash is that <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">flash exposure</em> is controlled by<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ISO </strong>and <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">aperture</strong> in the camera, not shutter speed. The only affect that shutter speed has is on the ambient (natural or continuous light) exposure and of course with flash sync. Why is this?</div>
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Because flash duration is so short that shutter speed makes no real difference to how much of the flash light is captured by the camera. Flash duration is normally between 1/1000 and 1/30,000 of a second, depending on flash power and your camera can’t sync at those speeds (unless you have a high speed flash mode but that works a bit differently anyway), so at normal sync speeds of up to 1/250 second the flash is over before the shutter has even closed, hence shutter speed can’t control flash exposure.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1: Manual flash mode</strong></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lv8pk6Nuuq1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></strong></div>
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Most modern flash guns have a <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">manual mode</strong> and as we shall see later on, when using flash off-camera, this can be a very useful feature. In manual mode, the flashgun is operating totally independent of the camera, just like a studio flash<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. </strong>The amount of flash light put out by the flash unit is controlled by the photographer selecting a power setting, which typically will vary from full power (1/1) to 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and so on right down to maybe 1/64th power or less depending on the flash design. The only way of gauging the correct output for the flash is by testing the exposure.</div>
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Set an appropriate/”guestimate” power setting on the flash and an aperture/ISO combination on the camera and test it. Shutter speed will be whatever works best for any ambient light there is. If it’s too light, reduce power or decrease aperture (or ISO or both) if it’s too dark increase power or open the aperture and/or increase ISO.</div>
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Or if you are shooting film, use a flash meter or calculate flash distance and power using guide numbers - but honestly does anyone do this these days?</div>
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Of course, if you change any of the camera settings, or move the flash to a different flash-subject distance, the flash power will need to be altered to a new setting, so it’s not a suitable mode for fast changing or moving situations.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2: Auto flash mode</strong></div>
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The Auto mode is designed to be more flexible and give us a degree of automatic flash exposure in changing situations. The flash is not directly controlled by the camera but rather it has a built-in light sensor on the front panel that can detect flash reflected by the subject. The sensor cuts the flash power when enough flash has lit the subject for a good exposure.</div>
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In order to do this accurately, the flash needs two bits of information from the photographer. It needs to know the ISO you are using, since high ISO’s need less exposure and it needs to know the aperture (f-stop) you have set. With this information the flash sensor can control the flash output appropriate for the reflective properties of the subject.</div>
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A dark subject (which reflects less light) can be given more flash and a light subject (which reflects more light) gets less flash. The system can be customised easily too - if you dial in f5.6 on the flash but use f8 on the camera, the flash will give 1 stop less power than you really need so you will have fill-in flash. If you dial in f8 on the flash but use f5.6 on the camera the opposite will happen, the flash will give you 1 stop more power than you need - over-exposure.</div>
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Is the system fool-proof? No. Since the correct flash exposure is dependent on the flash sensor correctly “seeing” the flash reflected from the subject, if the subject moves, you can get an unknown reflective quantity; if you change the camera settings but forget to update the flash settings your flash exposures will be wrong and if you shoot subjects with unusual or variable reflective properties the results can be unpredictable.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3: TTL flash mode (iTTL/ eTTL/pTTL and so on)</strong></div>
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The third and most dependable flash exposure system is TTL or <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Through The Lens</strong>. In this system the flash exposure is measured off the actual camera sensor or film plane by an internal flash sensor built into the camera body. Since the flash sensor is measuring the flash actually falling on the sensor or film, the system is very accurate and takes account of all the variables including lens absorption, filters and so on. All the camera has to do is tell the flash when to start and when to stop.</div>
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The flash is easy to adjust too. There is normally a plus/minus +/- button or control for flash exposure compensation on the back of the flash and also on the camera. Dedicated flash guns connected to the camera can be controlled using either the flash +/- control for more or less power, or the camera mounted +/-, or in fact a combination of the two if you like!</div>
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However, in order to work, the flash has to be <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“dedicated”</strong> to the camera - in other words built to work directly with camera it’s being used with - and the camera has to be able to communicate with the flashgun. Nikon, Canon, Sony, Pentax, Olympus and others all have their own dedicated TTL systems with features and functions, and cute names like iTTL (Nikon) and eTTL (Canon)</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Using the flash off-camera</strong></div>
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Because the camera and flash are dedicated together and linked via the hotshoe contacts, all the exposure information of f-stop and ISO can be passed directly to the flash. This is no problem when the flash is hotshoe mounted but presents problems with off-camera use. If the flash is tethered to the camera using a dedicated cable, the information can be transmitted easily but if the flash is going to be used remotely off-camera, some other way of communicating must be used.</div>
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Nikon and Canon both use an encoded visible-light pre-flash system using a master “sender” flash (often the pop-up flash) and slave receiver flashes. These systems work well in low ambient light or in the studio but can be unreliable in bright ambient light where the flash signals can be overwhelmed by the existing light.</div>
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The slave flash’s light sensor, which is mounted on either the side of the camera (above) or the front plate (Canon) also needs to be pointed ‘line-of-sight” towards the sender flash, mounted on the camera which is inconvenient in some situations.</div>
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This is where “wireless triggers” come in which we will look at in a separate article.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Built in pop-up flash</strong></div>
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So, now that we have reviewed the basics of flash exposure, let’s have a closer look at the little pop-up flash gun built into your camera.</div>
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Most pop-up flash guns are triggered automatically by the camera in Auto mode but must be turned on in P (program) mode and all other modes. In Auto mode, the camera will turn on the flash whenever the meter senses that the ambient light level is too low to achieve a reasonable shutter speed that you can hand-hold without getting camera shake.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dedicated flash</strong></div>
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Because the flash is built-in, it is fully dedicated. In other words, the camera can controll it’s output by metering exactly how much flash is required and it can control all the functions via the camera controls.</div>
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Once the flash is on, you can select what kind of flash mode you want to use via the flash mode button. There’s a number of options so we should go through them and explain each one:</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Flash Modes on the camera</strong></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvdkh1C8kI1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></strong></div>
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We can usually choose between different flash modes on the camera, depending on the circumstances and the kind of flash we need. Different cameras have their own individual flash modes according to the camera makers design and many modern DSLR’s have integrated many of the flash modes into the auto settings anyway, so you don’t need to set them yourself.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Auto flash</strong></div>
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Auto flash just does everything automatically for you but there’s a couple of things worth noting.</div>
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First of all, if you use <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">auto ISO</strong>, the camera will set the lowest default ISO setting (usually 200 ISO) and keep it there. This will often mean your backgrounds will go black because the camera is not exposing for the ambient light, only the flash light. So turn your ISO to manual and push it up if you want to expose for the ambient light as well.</div>
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And second, you don’t have to just accept whatever flash exposure the camera puts out. You have a<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> flash exposure compensation</strong> dial on the camera (FEC). This allows you to over-ride whatever flash power the camera is setting and dial in either minus (less) power or plus (more) power, according to your needs.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Red eye reduction</strong></div>
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This will help you reduce the effect of “red eye’ in portraits taken with the pop-up flash. The flash fires a series of rapid pre-flashes to force the portraits pupils to constrict (because you just blinded them with a strobe!). This means less flash penetrates the eye and you reduce red-eye. Often you you can combine red-eye reduction with other modes like slow sync or rear/2nd curtain mode. Hint - only turn it on when you really need it! Red eye reduction is usually found in the flash menu.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Slow speed sync.</strong></div>
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On some cameras (Nikon’s in particular) you are able to set a flash mode called <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Slow Speed sync.</strong> In this mode, the camera is able to use a slow shutter speed to record the ambient light along with the flash to light the main subject. Canon cameras often incorporate this into the normal auto mode so you don’t have to set yourself - see your camera manual for help.</div>
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On my Nikon d5100, when I pop up the flash and go through the various shooting modes, this is what I get…</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Auto flash in:</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manual </em>- I can set any shutter speed/aperture combo I like up to 1/200th which is the camera sync speed.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aperture priority</em> - the camera will use any shutter speed up to 1/200th. I can set any aperture I like.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shutter priority </em>- I can set any shutter I like up to 1/200th which is the sync speed The aperture will be set by the camera according to the ambient light level.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P Mode</em> - The shutter will default to speeds between 1/60th and 1/200th which will often result in a black background.</div>
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<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Auto</em> - The same thing, I get speeds between 1/60th and 1/200th with black backgrounds in low light levels.</div>
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So, I can only expose for the ambient light, ie the background, when using my pop-up flash if I use the <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">manual, shutter or aperture priority</em> modes. In all other modes, my shutter speed is restricted to speeds that will render the<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">subject</em> fine with the flash but the background as either underexposed or black. This is not good. However, the <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Slow Speed Sync flash mode</strong> over-rides this and allows you have much slower shutter speeds in these shooting modes so you get to expose for the background ambient light as well.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Using a pop-up flash</strong></div>
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Fig 1. <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Program mode/Auto flash</strong> - I get good flash exposure but a black background,yuk!</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvdmo66QfD1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Fig 2. <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Program mode/Slow speed sync flash mode</strong> - that’s better, now I get some ambient light and create a nice atmosphere, I can see the background. However, there’s a problem you have to watch out for. The shutter speed needed to be around 1.5 seconds to record the dim background lighting, so that means using a tripod, otherwise I’m going to get camera shake.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvdmqw1lw61ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Fig 3: <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If I don’t use a tripod with slow speed sync</strong>, I record all the movement of holding the camera…</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvdmv6NEOS1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Slow speed sync for effect</strong></div>
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Slow speed sync with camera shake - or motion blur isn’t always a bad thing. In fact, photographers use it all the time…</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvdnb45R3e1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Photographers use slow speed sync to inject motion, ambience and atmosphere into their flash pictures to bring them alive. The slow shutter speed creates motion and blur whilst the flash, being bright and fast, creates a sharp image over the top. Try it with party pictures, you will be amazed how effective it is. Different shutter speeds create different amounts of motion blur and will control how light or dark your backgrounds appear.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rear/2nd curtain sync</strong></div>
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The last flash mode we’re going to talk about is rear curtain or 2nd curtain sync. The idea is that we can choose to fire the flash at either the start of the exposure (the conventional way) or at the end of the exposure (rear/2nd curtain method). What’s the difference between the two? Well, if the flash fires first, and then the ambient exposure continues, any motion blur (as we see above) will appear in front of the sharp subject. That can look odd. We don’t really expect to see “ghost” images projecting <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">in front</em> of the subject, but don’t mind seeing the blur <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">behind</em> the subject. That looks more natural. Here’s an example…</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvdnv2T5p21ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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See how all the action (the light trails in this case) appear first and then the runner, caught sharply with the flash is at the end of the exposure. So Rear curtain or second curtain flash creates images that use slow speed sync in a more realistic way. i use it all the time. In fact my cameras are set to slow speed rear curtain sync as the default setting.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Flash Exposure Compensation</strong></div>
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Let’s just remind you about flash exposure compensation again, it’s very important.</div>
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Being able to set more or less (+/-) flash power means that you can give your pictures just a little pop of flash to brighten up or fill in those shadow areas any time you like. Try shooting a portrait with different amounts of minus flash exposure compensation, starting at -0.3 and going on up to -3 (stops). At -3 stops you shouldn’t see any flash at all!</div>
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-10-see-light-fill-in-flash.html">Next Week: Week 10 More flash...</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-84614854592210427632012-03-09T21:40:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:40:51.200+01:00Week 8: The filter factor<b><br /><br />Which filters to use, why use them, when to use them, how to use them.<br /><br />UV filter - Ultra Violet.</b><br />
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Ultra violet light forms a part of the light spectrum beyond the blue/violet end of the range. Ultra violet radiation is present at altitude but is scattered in the atmosphere closer to ground level. Ultra violet is a problem for film at altitude because the blue emulsion layer in film not only responds to blue light but also UV and so tends to overexpose and cause a blue colour cast in the image. This is particularly noticeable walking or skiing on mountains. A UV filter can be anything from pale yellow to clear, and is designed to absorb the UV light. A<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> skylight filter</strong> is also designed to do this but it tends to be a light magenta or pink colour. The slight warming effect the filter has tends to give skin tones a lift and adds slightly warm tones to your photo.</div>
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Digital cameras tend not to be very affected by UV light so the use of a filter has limited benefits. And the fact is, most modern good quality lenses are coated for UV absorption anyway and don’t require any additional filtering. In tests, some cheaper generic “UV” filters were found to have almost no effect anyway!</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Do you really need one?</strong></div>
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Many photographers prefer to leave a UV or skylight filter permanently attached to each lens to act as a protective cover against scratches, dirt or moisture ingress. This is probably a good idea. Do you really need one? No, not really, not unless you are using lenses without a UV coating (unlikely) or you find that your high altitude, free-style skiing aerial survey photos are looking a bit blue! But I’d rather break a twelve quid skylight filter than a thousand quid lens so I use them on all my lenses.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Graduated Neutral Density filters (ND Grads)</strong></div>
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A set of graduated neutral density filters is a staple of any landscape photographers camera bag. The filter is normally rectangular and fits into a custom filter holder. The idea of having an over-sized filter that can be slid into a rotating holder is that you can position the transition area between clear and dark where-ever you need it and at any angle. The filter allows the photographer to darken the exposure of the lightest area of the scene (normally the sky) by 1, 2 or 3 stops, depending on the strength of the ND Grad filter being used. Why is this a good thing?</div>
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We’ve all taken photo’s with washed out skies, right? The sky looked great to our eyes but when we exposed the photo, the landscape came out fine but the sky just went white, or grey or washed out and insipid. That’s because of the exposure difference between the lightest and darkest parts of the scene. Cameras have a limited ability to record extremes of light and dark in the same frame. They can cope with about 4 stops or exposure range. So if the sky is 5, 6 or 7 stops brighter than the landscape, it won’t record as anything except a white or washed out expanse at the top of your photo.</div>
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To get the colour and detail back into the sky, we need to make it darker - tone it down so it’s much closer to the rest of the exposure range in the photo. That’s what the ND grad filter does. Place the dark (dense) part of the filter over the sky, slide it around so that the transition between clear and dark (the graduated bit) is at the junction between sky and landscape. The filter won’t <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">colour</em> your sky, just make it darker, because its’ colour is “neutral” - it’s a neutral density, graduated filter.</div>
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You can stack them together to get more density if you need to. A 1 stop and a 3 stop gives you 4 stops of density and so on. With professional systems like Lee Filters, you get filter holders that enable you to stack several ND Grads but rotate them in different directions to gain fine control over the density or exposure of various parts of the scene.</div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Not all ND Grads are the same</strong></div>
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Bearing in mind that you are going to stick these things things in front of your expensive, high quality lenses, you probably don’t want to be using cheap filters! For one thing, cheap ND Grads aren’t colour neutral - they tend to colour your skies a rather obvious magenta/purple. Also, they scratch easily and if strong side-lighting hits a scratched filter surface you get bad flare and ghosting.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Do you really need them?</strong></div>
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Yes, you really do, but not all the time. Quite often with a digital camera, you can get away without an ND grad if the sky is only a stop or two above the landscape, as long as you capture a full dynamic range of tones from the black point to the white point and you don’t clip the whites. Then you can bring the sky back in during post production in Lightroom using the<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> filters </em>tool or in Photoshop using the <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">blend</em> or<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> reveal all </em>tools in layers. However, as soon as the contrast ration gets too strong, it’s only those ND grads that are going to save the day.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Polarizing filter</strong></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxg0qmUSVZ1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong></span></strong></div>
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Light that is reflected from non-metallic surfaces becomes polarized but what this actually means is complicated and requires a certain amount of familiarity with wave forms, electro-magnetic fields and the way that electrons work - which is not something I’m going to try and explain here, even if I could! The effect this has on our photography <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">is</em> important though, because it causes reflections and glare. The polarizing filter helps to reduce or sometimes eliminate this.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Linear or circular?</strong></div>
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Polarizers come in two types but we’re only interested in <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">circular</strong> polarizers here because digital cameras don’t work with linear polarizers, they stop the auto focus system from working! So don’t buy one.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">What effect do they have?</strong></div>
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They have a very dramatic effect. They make colours look more saturated, skies look rich and dark, clouds stand out against the sky due to increased contrast, and most importantly, the reflections and glare from wet or shiny non-metallic surfaces are vastly reduced - but <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">only</em> at 90º or so to the sun. Metallic surfaces tend not to be so affected because of electro-magnetic fields (as I said - it’s complicated). The polarizer blocks the waves of light that cause reflections and you can control how much of this light is blocked by rotating the filter. Fortunately you can see the effect as you rotate the filter so you can judge how much polarizing effect to use.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Problems with polarizers?</strong></div>
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Yes, there are some problems. It can be tempting to use the polarizer a little too often because it has such a dramatic effect, but like most things there’s a time and place and sometimes the polarizer is just overkill. There are also some specific problems using a polarizer.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The angle to the sun…</strong></div>
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Polarizing filters only work in a narrow angle relative to the sun - roughly 90º - so if you point the lens towards the sun you get no effect and if you turn your back on your sun, again no effect. This brings another limitation into play…</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ultra-wide lenses</strong></div>
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Don’t use a polarizer with an ultra-wide angle lens. Because the lens sees such a wide angle of view, the effect of polarized light across the whole field of view will be patchy and uneven and the photo will look blotchy, which is not a good look!</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">You loose two stops!</strong></div>
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The other big problem with polarizers is that they are very dark. In fact most of them loose about two and a half stops of exposure. That means that for an exposure of 1/250 at f5.6 your looking at 1/40th second at f5.6 with a polarizer on - so a tripod is going to be essential. No problem for the landscape photographer who will be using one anyway but something to be aware of.</div>
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Where the polarizer really comes into its own is with foliage and wet rocks, particularly doing waterfall landscape type shots. The polarizer not only cuts out reflections on the water, it cuts out glare from leaves and foliage so you see the true colours underneath, it cuts hot-spots of shine off the wet rocks and it cuts exposure down so you use a slower shutter speed which is good for flowing water - win/win!</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Big Stoppers - 8 or 10 stop neutral density filters</strong></div>
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“Big Stoppers” have become very popular in recent years bringing with it the possibilities for unusual landscape images that exploit very long shutter speeds in bright sunlight. A neutral density filter is just a piece of dark glass in front of your lens. The darker the glass, the longer your exposure will be. A neutral density filter is “dense” (dark) but “neutral” (it has no colour). You can buy ND filters in 1, 2, 3 or more stops of darkness and the big stopper takes this to the extreme - 10 stops of darkness!</div>
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Imagine you go out on a bright sunny day, down to the beach. The waves are crashing on the beach and the surf is up. So is the sun - it’s very bright and the light is very harsh, very direct. Not usually the best ingredients for a landscape photo. The exposure at 100 iso will be around 1/250 second at f8. However, bolt on a 10 stop ND Big Stopper and your shutter speed at f8 will plummet by 10 stops to 4 seconds! 4 seconds at f8 in the middle of the day. Think what you could do with that, with all that moving water on the beach. It will all blur into a silky sheen but you still get the sun and the shadows - might be interesting eh?</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Other filters</strong></div>
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There are lots of other filters available too. Some of them are useful, some of them are novel and some of them are just daft! There are colour correction filters but white balance does this job much of the time for you. There are colour effects filters, colour the sky to look blue or pink or red or whatever colour you like. There are star-burst filters and flare filters and so on. Photoshop does this for you. There are contrast filters for black and white photography but again, much of this can be achieved in Photoshop.</div>
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Essentially, most pro photographers have the filters I’ve described above and that’s about it.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Filter size and thickness</strong></div>
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It may surprise you to learn that there is a “standard” filter size. At least in terms of professional use. Most pro lenses have a filter thread size of 77mm. This means that you only have to buy one filter and it fits all your lenses. If you have round, screw-on filters that are not 77mm diameter, you must use step-up or step-down rings to convert your filters to fit different lens filter threads. Even square or rectangle slot-in filters like Lee need to go into a filter holder and that has to screw into the front lens element. So you want to have the right step rings or mounting rings for the holder and you don’t want to have to carry too many of them - hence the standard 77mm thread size adopted by many lens makers for pro lenses.</div>
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Filters also have a certain amount of depth to them. In other words they stick out in front of your lens. That’s no problem when you are using a telelphoto but with a wide-angle lens there’s a chance that the lens could “see”the edge of the filter and cause a small vignette. So you can get common filters in special “thin” versions that are suitable for use with ultra wide lenses.</div>
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-9-flash-ah-hasaviour-etc.html">Next Week: Week 9 Flash-the basics</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-27027459547080012572012-03-09T21:13:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:38:58.483+01:00Week 7: Lenses are us! All about glass<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">We all know about lenses right? Wide angles, telephoto, zoom; what about variable maximum apertures, image stabilization, fish-eyes and mirror lenses? Here’s all the info.</span></span><br />
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How does auto-focus work and what really is the sharpest aperture on a lens? let’s have a look…</div>
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We’ll start with wide lenses and work up<br />
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The lens at the top of this article is a Nikon 8mm circular fish-eye, from around the mid 1970’s. A fish-eye lens is super wide angle and gets it’s name because it makes no attempt to correct the lens curve distortion that you get with a wide optic. In fact it makes a virtue of it. A fish-eye lens can produce a view of up to 180° in the horizontal, vertical and diagonal planes, but not all of them do. Fish-eyes come in two types; Circular fish-eyes project a circular images onto the camera sensor, so you get a black surround like this:</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvs770t2dC1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" title="ESO">ESO</a>’s <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLT" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;" title="VLT">VLT</a> image taken with a circular fish-eye lens.</div>
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We all know about lenses right? Wide angles, telephoto, zoom; what about variable maximum apertures, image stabilization, fish-eyes and mirror lenses? How does auto-focus work and what really is the sharpest aperture on a lens? let’s have a look…</div>
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Fish-eye’s also come as full-frame versions that project the circular image outside the camera sensor, in other words the sensor takes a rectangular crop out of the middle of the circular image. Like this:</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvs7ldFcNE1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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<a href="http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=fisheye+photography&hl=en&sa=X&biw=1643&bih=903&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=mPvx5QO781eY8M:&imgrefurl=http://www.bestfisheyelens.com/&docid=IajxemipfkzHNM&imgurl=http://www.bestfisheyelens.com/wp-content/themes/Leander/jdgallery/slides/fisheye.lens.5.jpg&w=480&h=280&ei=xwjeTsOiEoj2sgbjrdToCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=173&vpy=480&dur=2107&hovh=171&hovw=294&tx=149&ty=217&sig=108050684561173937453&page=5&tbnh=116&tbnw=199&start=112&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:21,s:112" id="rg_hta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #232323; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><span id="rg_hr" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">bestfisheyelens.com</span></a></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">So fish-eye’s are special purpose, special effects lenses and which are great for some photography but obviously not for all!</span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Wide Angle lens</strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvs7xq55PF1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></strong></span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This is a <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">wide angle</strong> lens for FX or full frame cameras. It’s not very wide angle - only 35mm - and if you put it on a Dx or APS sensor camera, it would produce an image that looked more like a standard lens because of the crop factor (Dx Vs Fx in a separate post). It’s also a <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">prime</strong> lens, rather than a <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zoom</strong></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> lens, which I will discuss later on.</span><br />
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Wide lenses are all about the foreground. They emphasis what’s right in front of your feet and de-emphasis, or reduce what’s in the distance. This explains why so many wide angle scenic pictures taken of views look disappointing.</div>
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When you are looking at a view, you have the ability to focus in on the background subjects each in turn and build a mental map of each little bit, projecting the whole in your minds eye. A camera can’t do this. If the background elements are small in the viewfinder they will look small in the photo. And if they are small, they will be insignificant. The things that look big to a wide angle lens are right in front of you, and they will be the most dominant subjects in your photo. So when you put a wide angle on your camera you what to be thinking about the foreground and you want to make sure it has something interesting in it, because that’s what the viewer is going to be looking at.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvs9biXYCQ1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This is a wide angle shot.</strong> Look at the background - small isn’t it? Look at the foreground - see how it dominates the view?</span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Problems with wide angle lenses</strong></span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Wide lenses have some optical problems that need to sorted out if they are to perform well. They tend to distort vertical and horizontal lines. This is called <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">barrel distortion</strong>.</span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvsalfeknA1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In extreme cases the verticals and horizontals can look like they were shot using a fish-eye! This is not good. Fish-eye’s are supposed to do that, wide angles are not. Any decent lens review will highlight any distortion problems that a particular lens has, and indicate how they might be addressed.</span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">However, it’s worth knowing that if you dip any wide angle lens downwards, all the verticals will <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">diverge</strong>, like this;</span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvsamiYOZz1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">See how the vertical lines lean outwards at the edges?</span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If you tilt any wide angle lens upwards, the verticals will <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">converge</strong>, like this:</span></div>
<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvsapfRunb1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br />
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">We’re all familiar with that look, every time we look up at a skyscraper building we get the same effect.</span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">So to keep the verticals all straight when we need to, as in architectural photography, we must ensure the lens is absolutely level. You’ll need to use a tripod and a maybe even a clip on spirit level (clips onto the camera hot-shoe) to make sure. You can also use the grid lines in your viewfinder to help keep things level.</span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lvsavkcC0j1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">See this interior shot? Look at all the verticals throughout the image. See how straight they are? Attention to detail and discipline in looking through the viewfinder at every vertical line will help to achieve this, coupled with some common sense - don’t use the widest angle lens you have. If you are using a wide angle zoom, as many of us do, back it off a little bit to give the lens a bit more leeway.</span></div>
<div class="rg_hr kv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lens flare</strong></div>
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Wide angle lenses have a tendency to produce large amounts of flare from the light source because of the the large, curved surface area of the front element. Despite modern anti-reflective lens coatings and other measures, flare is still a problem any time you point the lens in the direction of the light, be it the sun or a flash gun or a flood light. It’s a good idea to get used to using a lens hood with wide lenses to help shade the lens from light sources.</div>
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Wide angle lenses have strange looking lens hoods with cut out sides, specially designed to offer shade to the front element without encroaching on the field of view. The lens “sees” a wider image than vertical because the sensor is cropping a rectangle out of of a round image circle and the rectangle is longer in width than in height, so the lens hood can’t project forwards at the sides without being seen.</div>
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Last point about wide angle lens hoods; Take them off before you use the pop-up flash, the flash catches the upper edge of the hood and creates a shadow across your subject!</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Image fall-off </strong>All lenses suffer to one degree or another from image brightness fall-off. In other words, the image gets darker out towards the corners. Lenses are at their best in their centers - they are sharper and brighter. As you travel out from the center point in an image circle, the image becomes progressively darker and less sharp. If the differences in sharpness and brightness are not easily apparent to the eye, then the lens will be high quality, if the changes are obvious then the lens is a dud!</div>
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<img class="rg_hi" height="366" id="rg_hi" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTpasLsSUenYZL5gfBckikPNwNFTM0Jz_d4cvXLwuwDG7RBacgq" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="137" /></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Here’s an illustration of a two-lens comparison chart; Good lens on the right, bad one on the left. This darkening, in the corners is what we call “vignetting” and most lenses get rid of it by the time you stop down to around f5.6, after which it isn’t much of a problem.</span></span></span></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img class="rg_hi" height="225" id="rg_hi" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQYmX_wrIvdf27nYDNkLIayvIrKVOy-cgLgWUWn8DyMky7HtLfS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="225" /></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Standard lens</strong></div>
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What do we mean by “standard”? Closest to the field of vision of the human eye is the normally accepted definition and in 35mm film or FX full frame digital cameras that means a 50mm lens, whilst on APS or Dx-sensored cameras it’s somewhere between 32 and 36mm depending on the exact crop ratio of your camera sensor. A Nikon d5100 for example, has a Dx crop of 1.5, so a 33mm lens multiplied by 1.5 is equivalent to 49.25mm.</div>
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The standard 50mm prime lens is a very under-rated piece of kit. First of all, it’s a very simple piece of optical engineering so it’s practically distortion-free, it’s very cheap to manufacture and it’s often incredibly sharp at all apertures. Because it’s simple to make, it often comes in a variety of maximum aperture sizes from f2.8, f2, f1.8 and even f1.4! That last one, the f1.4 version makes it one of the fastest lenses you can buy. With f1.4 you can almost shoot hand-held at night! And it gets better; f1.4 creates amazingly short depth of field when used on close subjects, enabling you to produce very creative, individual images.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lw5hg7f1Qo1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Remember too, that 50mm when used on a Dx crop sensor produces in image equivalent to a 75mm lens - that’s the same as a standard short portrait lens. Many professional photographers carry a light, small, fast 50mm lens in their pocket as a back-up and for when they want to shoot hand-held, natural light images indoors.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Telephoto Lens</strong></div>
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Any lens that magnifies the subject in the viewfinder can be considered a telephoto but the actual definition is a lens that has a shorter overall physical length than it’s actual focal length, due to the use of a special of group of internal lens elements known as a telephoto group.</div>
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Typically, a telephoto lens would start at around 70mm and continue up to, well I believe the biggest telephoto lens currently available is Canon’s 5200mm! It’s special order only, so don’t look for it in your local camera store.</div>
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Back in the real world, most of us will be using something like a 70-200 or 70-300mm telephoto zoom but before we talk about zoom lenses, let’s stick with the most common prime lens telephoto sizes.</div>
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Telephoto lenses are made as either standard “consumer” design or “pro” versions, which have a higher or larger maximum aperture value and often also include better anti-reflective coatings and high grade glass.</div>
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Above: This is a Nikon Dx G ED VR 55-300 f4.5/5.6 zoom lens. It zooms out to 300mm but the fastest maximum aperture at that focal length is f5.6. That means you might not be able to use a fast shutter speed in low light (so you’ll get camera shake), you can’t get a really short depth of field (so your backgrounds may not be as out of focus as you might like) and the auto focus may not work quite as well in low light because the max aperture isn’t bright enough for the lens to “see” very well. This lens costs £320 new.</div>
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Above: This is the Nikon 300mm f4 ED IF AF-S prime lens (not a zoom). It has a maximum aperture of f4, 1 stop brighter than the previous lens. It has ED glass (extra-low dispersion) which improves contrast, colour and optical performance. It has IF (internal focusing) so the lens length doesn’t change or rotate when focusing (good for using filters) and it has a 9 blade rounded diaphragm which improves the look of out-of-focus highlights, which is what we refer to as “bokeh” (a Japanese term). It costs £825 new - more than twice the cost of the 55-300 f5.6 zoom.</div>
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Above: This is the very latest Nikon 300mm f2.8, G, ED, VRll AF-S lens. It has a maximum aperture of f2.8, four times brighter than the f5.6 zoom we started with. To achieve this, the lens has a very large front element to gather as much light as possible but this makes the lens big and heavy. It’s hard to hand hold all the time so it has a tripod collar and foot to enable the use of a monopod to take the weight. It also has VR; Vibration Reduction, Nikons own image stabilisation system to try and cut down on image shake when using slower shutter speeds. It too has high quality ED glass construction and internal focusing and the AF (auto-focusing) system is built into the lens making it fast, responsive and quiet. This is a professional spec sports, action and wildlife photographers lens. You could match this with a high quality teleconverter (made specially for this lens by Nikon) to turn it into a 600mm f5.6 lens. This lens costs - wait for it - £4057! Yes, you read that correctly.</div>
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So, all three of these lenses will get you to 300mm, a good telephoto focal length. One is a zoom and DX, in other words designed for the smaller DX sensor camera, which means it actually produces an image that is 450mm not 300mm. But it’s a “slow” lens and you can’t use it on a full frame (FX) camera. The second at F4 is high quality, prime lens and designed for FX cameras. You can use it on a DX camera and get an f4 450mm - which is very nice, but costs a lot more. Finally you could have the f2.8 version with all the latest technology but at that price you would really need to justify this lens.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Prime Vs Zoom</strong></div>
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Most lenses sold these days are zooms. That is to say they have the ability zoom through a range of focal lengths. A prime lens is one that has only a single, fixed focal length - which was how nearly all lenses used to be prior to about 1975! Initially zoom lenses were not as sharp or as good quality as prime lenses and sometimes you hear that particular piece of “advice” still sprouted. Ignore it. Modern zoom lens technology and lens construction means that just about all good quality zoom lenses will perform at least as good and sometimes better than their prime lens equivalents. However, when it comes to <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">speed,</em> by which we mean the maximum lens aperture, prime lenses can sometimes have the edge. It’s easier to construct an f2.8 prime lens than an f2.8 zoom lens.</div>
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This is a<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Nikon 85mm f1.4 prime lens</strong>. This is considered to be a great portrait lens and is only available as a prime lens. The very fast maximum aperture is useful for extremely short depth of field portraits.</div>
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The main difference that you have to think about with zoom lenses is the<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">variable max aperture</strong> that you get with most consumer zoom lenses. A zoom lens has a natural tendency to absorb a lot of light as the focal length is zoomed out. There’s a lot of lens elements, barrel absorption, internal reflections and other stuff going on inside a zoom lens as you zoom it out to 300mm or whatever with the net result that light reaching the camera sensor has lost a fair bit brightness by the time it gets there. This results in the actaul exposure going down by as much as 1.5 stops of brightness. If your zoom says, on the lens barrel or front element ring, something like 1:4.5/5.6 it means that at the short end of the zoom range you have a max aperture of f4.5 but when you zoom out to the telephoto end, this reduces to f5.6.</div>
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The aperture is not physically changing, it’s just the brightness value of the light, so it;s as though you had changed the aperture from f4.5 to f5.6.</div>
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This has some implications when you are working with zoom lenses. If you zoom in when using <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">aperture priority</strong> mode, your shutter speed will drop, you could get camera shake! And if you are in <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">manual </strong>mode your image will be underexposed unless you compensate with either a slower shutter speed or a higher ISO. In<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> shutter priority </strong>your aperture will change and again you could get an underexposed image. Beware variable maximum apertures!</div>
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Pro-spec zooms often have a fixed maximum aperture all the way through the zoom range and often it’s a fast one! F2.8 70-300mm zooms are fast and stay at f2.8 all the way from 70mm to 300mm, but that’s one of the reasons they cost up to £1600.</div>
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This is Nikon’s 70-300mm f4.5/5.6 which costs about £150</div>
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This is Nikon’s 70-200mm f2.8 pro spec lens - this costs about £1700.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Teleconverters:</strong></div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxn8popj9U1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Many telephoto lenses have a teleconverter designed specifically to go with them - <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">matched teleconverters. </em>If you are considering buying a teleconverter to extend the reach of your lens, it is definitely worth investing the extra money in a matched t/c which will retain all the auto-focus capability of your telephoto lens and will be optically matched to get the best out of the lens combination. Cheap teleconverters are not worth buying - they will produce a very poor image quality and you’ll be disappointed. You are better off buying a used, high quality t/c designed for your lens rather than a new budget universal one.</div>
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A teleconverter basically magnifies the image produced by the lens by a certain factor. A 1.4 t/c will increase your focal length by x1.4 and a x2 t/c will double your focal length. However, as with all things in photography, there’s a payback…when you fit a x2 t/c to an f2.8 lens you loose 2 stops of exposure, so your f2.8 becomes an f5.6. same goes with any other t/c. And a x1.4 will loose you about one and a half stops, so an f2.8 becomes an f4.5 and so on. If you only have an f5.6 telephoto lens and you couple it with a x2 t/c you will be down to f11 which has severe repercussions for your shutter speeds!</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>More stuff about lenses</b></span><br />
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mirror Lens:</strong></div>
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Mirror lenses are a bit specialised and can be difficult to both find and to use!</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bokeh:</strong></div>
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This a Japanese term that refers to the way out-of-focus spectral highlights (points of light) are rendered by a lens.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Image stabilisation:</strong></div>
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IS, VR OS…. image stabilisation (Canon) Vibration reduction (Nikon) or Optical stabilisation (Sigma et al) all work in fundamentally the same way when they are built into the lens rather than in the camera. They use electronic “gimbaled” floating optics that are motor-controlled to counteract any movement that is detected in the lens and try to introduce an opposite movement that cancels out the camera shake…in theory. And it works!</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Macro lenses:</strong></div>
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The definition of a Macro lens is a lens that reproduces an image at life size or larger, in other words if you focus on something like a bee, the image that the lens renders on the camera sensor should be the same size or larger than the bee itself. By that measure, most lenses that purport to be macro or have a macro capability are not strictly macro, they are merely close-up lenses which is not the same thing.</div>
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-8-filter-factor.html">Next Week: Week 8 All about filters</a></div>
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-19209569188239500602012-03-09T19:44:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:38:05.477+01:00Week 6: White is right; all about white balance<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
Week 6: White Balance<br />
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The white balance control on the camera is designed to calibrate the camera’s exposure system to capture images that display natural colours under different lighting conditions.</strong></div>
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Think of white balance as a way of making sure that a sheet of white paper actually looks white in your photo.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">What is daylight?</strong></div>
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Daylight is actually a mix of three different light sources.<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sunlight</strong> is essentially warm, yellow light but it’s not the only light we see. <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Skylight </strong>is the light that bounces off ouratmosphere, our sky if you like. And light also bounces off objects and surfaces on the ground. If those surfaces have a strong colour they will affect the colour of the light they reflect, so we have<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">reflected</strong> light as well. So daylight is a mixture of sunlight, skylight and reflected light - which combine to alter the colour of daylight in a variety of ways.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhvskBF0Z1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Why is the sky blue?</strong></div>
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In the middle of the day, with the sun high in the sky, daylight is quite blue. Some people think that the sky is blue because it’s reflecting all the sea on the planet. That’s not right, the sea is blue because it reflects the sky.</div>
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This is from<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/sky_blue.html</strong></div>
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“The blue color of the sky is due to Rayleigh scattering. As light moves through the atmosphere, most of the longer wavelengths pass straight through. Little of the red, orange and yellow light is affected by the air.</div>
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However, much of the shorter wavelength light is absorbed by the gas molecules. The absorbed blue light is then radiated in different directions. It gets scattered all around the sky. Whichever direction you look, some of this scattered blue light reaches you. Since you see the blue light from everywhere overhead, the sky looks blue”. </div>
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Since so much of the daylight we see includes skylight, our sheet of paper is being lit essentially by “blue Light”. And although we see what we refer to as “natural colour” under a variety of different light sources, and we see a sheet of white paper under different colours of light, we always seem to see it as<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“white</em>”.</div>
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Of course we’ve evolved with a visual system that is specifically designed to deal with seeing the world in this way and it’s very good at it. Our visual system “filters” out colour casts and always tries to present the world to us with”natural colours”, where white always looks white, whatever the light colour. But a camera can’t do this.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Kelvin scale</strong></div>
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The Kelvin scale is used to describe colour temperature. Orange light, such as you might get from a candle, has a low kelvin temperature - about 2000K; yellow light from incandescent, tungsten, household bulbs is about 3000K. As the light colour becomes increasingly blue and then white, the colour temperature goes up. It can go as high as 11000K for white light. Seems odd, that blue should be a higher colour temperature than orange but remember, a blue flame is much hotter than an orange one and we describe extreme temperatures as “white hot”. Normal daylight, under a bright sun at midday is about 5500K - quite blue.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">White balance in photography</strong></div>
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In order for the camera (or a RAW converter) to process colour information, it has to know what colour the light source is. This is what the white balance control does. If you shoot under daylight conditions the camera will render colours as naturally as possible using a starting point of around 5500K (kelvin) as the light source.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhucsa2ot1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /> </div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Daylight white balance under daylight conditions (5500k)</strong></div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhudbFNzJ1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tungsten white balance under daylight conditions (2500k)</strong></div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhudwRT8R1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Custom white balance turned up to around 10,000k</strong></div>
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But what happens if the light source is not daylight? What if the light source is tungsten bulbs, or flourescent tubes or sodium flood lights? If the camera is only calibrated to produce accurate colours at 5500k it will get colours hopelessly wrong under these different coloured lighting conditions.</div>
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The white balance control allows you to calibrate the camera for all kinds of different lighting conditions. Typically, a digital SLR camera will offer you a range of adjustments.</div>
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Examples:</div>
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In the following examples i shot a “snap” of a window lit by daylight. The lighting was drab, overcast and grey. Let’s see what happens when when we try all the different white balance settings on the camera. Look in particular at how the colour balance of the background greenery changes.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1. WB: Sunny</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhvxvoOUI1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. WB: Cloudy</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </strong><img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhvxc3XWK1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3. WB: Shade</strong></div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhvwzIuX51ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4. WB: Incandescent (tungsten)</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhvwiVNiw1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5. WB: Fluorescent ( often several options)</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhvvwY1XV1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">6. WB: Flash</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhvuySFtg1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7. WB: Auto White Balance (AW)</strong></div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhvu2JW5Y1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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If you recognise the kind of lighting you are shooting under you can dial in the appropriate white balance setting, allowing the camera to filter out colour casts and warm up or cool down the photos ambient colour balance. Actually the best setting to use most of the time is the AW Auto white balance mode, because modern cameras are so good at detecting and compensating for colour imbalance.</div>
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Looking at these examples above, the <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">AW auto white balance</strong> did the best job of selecting a neutral setting. But that’s not the full story. Sometimes, we don’t want a neutral white balance. It may be empirically “correct”, but often we prefer our photos to have a certain look, often a little warmer, particularly for landscape and portrait subjects.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Here’s a landscape subject. The white balance for this subject is “correct”. The grey tones are neutral and the image looks cold because it’s a cold, grey day.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhww8ELoI1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Here’s the same shot with the white balance adjusted to warm up the look of the photo. I set the white balance to <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">cloudy</em> to get a warmer look.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_luhx0302kT1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Which one do you prefer? I think most people would choose the second, warmer version. It’s not “correct” but it looks better.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">White balance with jpeg and RAW.</strong></div>
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One important consideration with respect to white balance is whether you are shooting in jpeg or RAW file format. RAW shooters have a big advantage because RAW files are not processed by the camera but on the computer after downloading, using RAW converter software like Adobe Lightroom, Adobe Camera RAW (ACR) or Apple Aperture or even the RAW software that came with your camera. Because the RAW files are unprocessed, no colour attributes have yet been fixed to the files. You can set the white balance - which is after all just a baseline calibration - at any point you like and change it at will using the RAW processing software. But a jpeg file has to be processed in the camera before it can be compressed and saved to the camera’s memory card.</div>
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So with a jpeg, ideally the white balance should be <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">fixed</em> at the point when you shoot the picture. You should try to assess the white balance result when you are shooting and make appropriate changes if the Auto white balance isn’t getting it right. It is perfectly possible to change the white balance of a jpeg file after it has been downloaded but it can be problematic. Generally speaking it’s difficult to re-process jpegs as accurately as you can with RAW files and trying to do so can lead to image artifacts and a degraded file. You have to remember that with a jpeg, you are working with a pre-processed file that only contains 256 levels of tone (an 8 bit file) and any additional tonal information that might have been contained in the original RAW data has been deleted when the camera compressed and saved the jpeg.</div>
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In short, a jpeg file is designed to be used right out of the camera and is not meant to be messed with or re-processed on the computer. You<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> can</em> do it, many people do, but it often leads to worse quality image file rather than better. </div>
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-7-lenses-are-us-all-about-glass.html">Next Week: Week 7 All about lenses</a></div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-77087974587520945692012-03-09T19:34:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:37:00.546+01:00Week 5: Feeling exposed. Exposure comp and histograms<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lug5y7PXHU1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">All about exposure and histograms…</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong>It’s possible that you have used a camera for a long time, exploiting the auto programs and modes without really grasping any of the principles of exposure, metering or interpreting histograms.<br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Exposure Compensation</strong></div>
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First of all, we should remind ourselves about the use and function of the exposure compensation controls. Normally indicated with a plus/minus symbol, the exposure compensation button or dial allows the photographer to shoot in a priority or program mode, whereby the camera does at least some of the exposure control. It doesn’t take long before the photographer realises that the camera’s built in exposure metering system is pretty good most of the time but not infallible. In fact there are plenty of situations where the camera is easily “fooled” by tricky or extreme lighting situations. Try shooting a portrait with the sun right behind the models head and you’ll find out quick enough.</div>
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Here’s a shot of a walker, in bad weather (rain), in bad light (under trees) and with bright sky behind - enough to confuse any camera meter. The camera tries to find an exposure that will balance the extreme tonal range from highlight to shadow but it doesn’t know that the “walker” is the subject so it can’t prioritize it. The result is that overall, although the exposure is a good balance that includes most of the tonal range, the subject (walker) is too dark.</div>
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What can we do about this? We can use the exposure compensation button, adding some “plus” compensation to slightly over-expose the cameras settings and render the walker with more detail.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ltxliizIJM1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Of course, as we give the shot more exposure and “lighten” it up we force the brighter areas of the shot to over-expose by quite a bit. There’s no way around this, at least not without using a flash. Introducing flash into the exposure is a good way to compensate for extreme differences in exposure values in a composition because then we can expose for the highlights and just light up the dark areas with our flash…</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ltxlpfe7SS1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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So the exposure compensation tools that we have on our cameras will allow us to overcome situations where the camera meter is “fooled’ and allow us to “tweak’ the exposure either brighter or darker to get what we feel is an optimum exposure for our subject - usually at the expense of some other, background or foreground area of the frame.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manual Exposure Mode</strong></div>
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In MANUAL mode, (the “M” symbol) we can use the camera’s built in TTL (through the lens) light meter to gauge our exposures, by aligning the cursor with the “correct exposure” marker on the light meter.</div>
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Because we are using the camera in Manual mode we can set the exposure just as we like. We can over or under expose for the subject by as little or as much as we feel is necessary (a third of a stop at a time) and we can review the result on the camera monitor to see if we like the result. Clearly there is no need to use exposure compensation in Manual mode, (you are not having to “compensate” for the camera making any auto exposures) so this control is not normally available to you in this mode.</div>
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If you have never used Manual mode before, you might appreciate a bit of guidance; First of all try to decide what your “priority” is. If you are shooting sports, often the priority is using a fast shutter speed to stop the action - so you would set your chosen shutter speed and then use the meter to find the appropriate aperture to give you a good exposure. If your priority is depth of field, either short (portrait) or long (landscape), you would set the aperture of your choice and use the meter to find an appropriate shutter speed. If you are hand-holding the camera, one of your priorities will always be to eliminate “camera shake” by ensuring you are setting a fast enough shutter speed, but as always, the exact combination of shutter speed and aperture that you decide to use in the end will be your decision based on your particular creative intentions and priorities. In simple terms, using the manual mode is a case of setting one of the parameters and using the meter to determine the other.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Histograms</strong></div>
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Understanding histograms is a key part of judging exposure in digital photography. It could be argued that histograms are not necessary when you can just look at the photo on the back of the camera but this ignores problems with viewing the camera monitor under bright lighting, accurately assessing highlight and shadow clipping and understanding tonal range.</div>
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First we should describe what the histogram function is and how to interpret it. The histogram is a simple bar chart - nothing more. It consists of 256 bars. The bars start at the left end of the baseline. The first bar is bar number ‘0” and represents how much <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Black</strong> you have in the photo. Not “nearly black”, or “almost black” but proper, absolute “black”. It’s called the <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Black Point</strong>. If there’s a lot of black in the photo this bar will reach a long way up the chart. If there is hardly any black at all it will barely get off the baseline. In the illustration above, there is no black at all indicated at bar “0” - the extreme left side of the baseline. So the height of each bar along the baseline indicates “quantity”.</div>
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At the extreme right end of the baseline is the <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“White Point”. </strong>This is tone value 256. The white point is not “nearly white” or “off-white” - it’s completely, absolutely white! In the histogram above, you can see there is a bit of “white” at the white point.</div>
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Between the <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Black Point</strong> and the <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">White Point</strong> are all the other tones in the photo, ranging from nearly black, through to dark grey, mid grey, light grey, nearly white and finally white itself at the white point - 256 tones in the grey scale. Remember that how much of each tone you have is indicated by the height of each point along the scale. The middle tone - tone value 128 - is called the <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Grey Point”</strong>. The histogram above indicates that the most amount of tone in the photo is mid grey or to put it another way - the mid tones.</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">What do we mean by tones?</strong></div>
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The histogram above is not measuring colour - it’s only interested in “tone”, in other words, how light or dark parts of the photo are. If you shoot a colour photo and then turn it into a black and white photo, you get rid of the colour and are left with with a range of tones that we refer to as “greyscale” - ranging from black to white. This is what the histogram is looking at. The histogram shows us, very accurately, how much shadow, mid-tone and highlight our photo contains and how it’s spread out between black and white. </div>
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When we talk about a photo having a “full dynamic range” what we mean is that the photo contains a good range of tones from black, through the mid-tones to white and will therefore have good contrast. Like this photo above.</div>
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If however, the dynamic range is compressed - for example it might start at the black point but stop at or around the mid-tone area (value 128) - then there would be no highlights in the photo - no light areas. The reason for this might be that you filled the entire frame with a photo of a black wall! Or, more likely you have under-exposed the photo! Like the photo below. A correctly exposed photo will nearly always contain some highlights.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ltxp34ya5x1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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What about if the photo’s histogram starts over at the white point and only gets as far as the mid tones - but has no shadows? Chances are, you have over-exposed. Like this…</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ltxp7x3bIX1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">How to use Histograms pro-actively (highlight and shadow warnings).</strong></div>
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Histograms are about more than just judging over or under exposure. When we over-expose an image and the white point is crowded, we call that “clipping” the whites. Same thing with the under-exposure - then the blacks get “clipped”. Clipped blacks can lead to noise and banding in the shadow areas when you try to rescue the photo with your editing software but clipping the whites is much worse.</div>
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In an over-exposed image, the white areas contain no information at all - the camera is unable to process the pixel data because it’s overloaded with light and so you get areas of the photo that are effectively empty! Because there is no data there, you can’t rescue the photo. Trying to adjust the image on the computer just results in large patches of grey tone because the computer has no idea what should be in these “empty” areas.</div>
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Fortunately the camera is equipped with <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">highlight warning</strong> and sometimes also with<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">shadow warning</strong>. You turn these options on in the menu system on your camera and the result is a flashing patch over areas of the photo that have been “clipped” showing you exactly where the over exposure (and under exposure if you have that option) are occurring. Now you can adjust your exposure and re-shoot to try and minimize the problem. And the great thing is, the histogram will allow you to see exactly how far you can go with either more or less exposure before you run into problems.</div>
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In the photo below, I have purposely pushed the highlights and shadows in order to show the highlight and shadow warning - highlight is red and shadow is blue - your camera will more likely use black and blue. Notice the histogram is “clipped’ at both ends.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ltxqrjLd8k1ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Using the histogram pro-actively</strong> allows you to maximize the best possible tonal range for your photo, allowing you to set an exposure that gathers the largest range of tones between the black and white points, before you start to clip either of them. You can’t do <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">that </em>by glaring at the photo on the back of the monitor!</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Exposure Metering Patterns</strong></div>
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Your camera is equipped with several ways of metering for exposure. It has, generally speaking, three metering methods or patterns, that can be chosen by the photographer; The first is called <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Evaluative</strong> or <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Matrix</strong> metering, then we have <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Centre-Weighted</strong> or<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Partial</strong> and finally we have <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Spot</strong> metering.</div>
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ltxr9ngba61ql9z7d.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 500px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
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Most of time, <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Evaluative metering</strong> takes care of all our needs. It’s sophisticated, accurate and very flexible. Many photographers rarely, if ever use anything else. It takes exposure information from every part of the frame area and considers which focus points are active to work out where the subject is. The system can allocate importance to various areas of the frame based on this information and some even compare known parameters and lighting situations built into the cameras on-board data-base before coming up with a best-guess at the optimum exposure for your situation.</div>
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However, there are occasions when evaluative metering gets it wrong - then it’s time to switch to another method. <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Centre weighted</strong> and <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">partial</strong> metering systems give emphasis to the centre of the frame with decreasing sensitivity to the outer edges. This assumes that the subject will occupy the centre of the frame and that it can safely ignore the outside, background areas. Perfect for portraiture in fact.</div>
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And finally we have spot metering where the camera only takes exposure information from a small, narrow (typically 3 or 4 degrees) angle of view in the very centre of the frame. To use this, the photographer must think of the spot area as a “target” and aim it at the important part or parts of the frame that need to be metered accurately, then use this information to figure out correct exposure.</div>
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-6-white-is-right-all-about-white.html">Next Week: Understanding white balance</a></div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-59383791390553056252012-03-09T17:47:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:35:49.107+01:00Week 4: Let's work together. ISO, shutter and apertures<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></b><br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lug5wdGbOu1ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
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The final piece in the “exposure” jigsaw is ISO. What is it and what does it do?<br />
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ISO is measure of the cameras sensitivity to light. You may remember it from shooting film, where we sometimes called it “film speed’.<br />
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ISO, then: <br />
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“The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed#ASA">ASA</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed#DIN">DIN</a> film speed standards have been combined into the ISO standards since 1974. The current <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_standard">International Standard</a> for measuring the speed of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_print_film">color negative film</a> is ISO 5800:2001<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed#cite_note-iso.org-15">[16]</a> (first published in 1979, revised in November 1987) from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO). The determination of ISO speeds <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed#ISO_12232">with digital still-cameras</a> is described in ISO 12232:2006 (first published in August 1998, revised in April 2006, and corrected in October 2006)”. <br />
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Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed<br />
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So now you know!<br />
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Seriously though, ISO as it relates to photography, and in this case DSLR’s is a vitally important factor in determining correct exposure and manipulating shutter speeds and aperture values in order to achieve our creative goals.<br />
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ISO is a measure of how sensitive or insensitive the camera’s ccd or digital sensor is to light. A high ISO number indicates a high sensitivity and thus the camera needs less light to “see” the photo, whereas a low ISO number indicates low sensitivity, now the camera needs a lot more light to “see” the photo.<br />
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<b>High ISO</b><br />
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When shooting film, the ISO is sometimes referred to as “film speed” and a high speed film or fast film is useful for shooting dark subjects, in dark locations or in very low levels of light - indoors or in poor light. Also because the film is “fast” - it reacts to light very quickly - it doesn’t actually need as much exposure in normal levels of light so you can get away with using a much faster shutter speed (to stop action) and/or a smaller aperture (for better depth of field). A lot of sports photographers exploit this by using faster films to shoot action in order to use faster shutter speeds.<br />
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The switch to digital cameras carries with it the idea of ISO and fast or slow films, but now the ISO value is a measure of how fast the digital sensor reacts to light. And being an electronic device, we are able to turn the sensor’s sensitivity up or down, higher or lower, and we can do it any time we like. We can shoot frame 1 at 100 ISO, frame 2 at 200 ISO and frame 3 at 400 ISO if we want to. A normal ISO speed for most general photography would be 200 ISO or 400 ISO for a little extra shutter speed.<br />
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<b>Film grain & digital noise</b><br />
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So if a high ISO setting is great for getting faster shutter speeds and better depth of field, why don’t we just use a high ISO all the time? Well, like so many things in life, there’s no such thing as a free lunch.<br />
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Fast films have the problem of film “grain” in that the higher the ISO, the faster the reaction time of the film emulsion and “grainier” the final image looks. In DSLR’s, the problem isn’t “grain”, it’s electronic noise - leakage currents - that produce noise in the form of speckles, a mozaic-like pattern across the image area and possibly some banding. In simple terms, as you push the sensor to a higher level of sensitivity, the pixels or light gathering areas on the sensor work harder, create more electric current and get hotter - which generates noise. Large sensors (like full frame or FX cameras) handle noise much better than small sensors because of their increased surface area.<br />
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Small sensors, like compact cameras struggle with noise issues because their sensors are so much smaller in surface area but full frame DSLR’s are good at using high ISO values these days - they optimize the large surface area of the sensor.<br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ltblsmLkdF1ql9z7d.jpg" /> <img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ltbltbkXPl1ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
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(Above). The photo above is a full frame shot on a Nikon D700 at 6400 ISO. The photo below it is tight crop of just the head and shoulders. Can you see the noise? You can a bit but for 6400 ISO it’s pretty impressive. The D700 is an FX or full frame camera with a big sensor and it’s one of the best cameras available for handling high ISO’s.<br />
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<b>Low ISO</b><br />
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We can also dial in a low ISO value - 100 or 200 ISO for example, some cameras can go lower still. Low ISO values are great for keeping the optimum quality of an image by virtually eliminating noise and creating smooth transitions of colour, tone and contrast in the photo. This is exactly what a good landscape or portrait photographer will look for most of the time. Of course, a low ISO setting could mean that in low light levels you might be forced to use a tripod as the shutter speed slows right down, even when the aperture is wide open. Landscape photographers don’t mind this - they nearly always work off a tripod anyway and achieving a slow shutter speed is often an advantage, it enables motion blur in things like waterfalls, rivers, the sea rushing in and out on the beach, trees in the wind and so on and adds to the creativity of the photograph.<br />
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<b>ISO Progression</b><br />
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The standard progression of ISO settings looks like this:<br />
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100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400<br />
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It’s neat isn’t it? Do you see how the numbers just double each time?<br />
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In fact, as each ISO value doubles we are actually increasing the exposure value by exactly double. 200 ISO will give us twice as much exposure as 100 ISO. 800 ISO is twice as much exposure as 400 ISO but half as much exposure as 1600 ISO.<br />
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We’ve come across this idea of “halving” and “doubling” exposure already of course. If you remember, the difference between each full stop of shutter speed is exactly half or double; and the difference between each full stop of aperture value is also half or double.<br />
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How do ISO, shutter speeds and apertures work together to achieve correct exposure?<br />
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So all three systems, shutter speeds, apertures and ISO all share this common attribute - they all three half or double exposure as you increase or decrease from one full stop to the next.<br />
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Let’s see how that might work:<br />
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image that you are out on a bright sunny day, taking some photos of a pretty view - average light, average subject. The camera might well tell you that a correct exposure is f8 at 1/250 second if you have your camera set to 200 ISO.<br />
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We’ll put that in bold on our chart below:<br />
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f2.8 - 1/2000<br />
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f4 - 1/1000<br />
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f5.6 - 1/500<br />
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<b>f8 - 1/250</b><br />
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f11 - 1/125<br />
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f16 - 1/60<br />
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f22 - 1/30<br />
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You’ll see from the table that I’ve drawn, that although you can shoot your picture at f8 at 1/250, by opening up the aperture by one stop (f5.6) and at the same time increasing the shutter speed by one stop (1/500) you can also get a perfect exposure.<br />
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Because both aperture and shutter speed half or double exposure, if youdouble one you can halve the other and retain exactly the same exposure value! Except that now you have changed the speed and the depth of field -you have a faster shutter speed (good for stopping action) but a shorter depth of field (good for isolating a subject).<br />
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You can carry on through the table and see all the possible combinations of aperture and shutter speed that might be available to you if you were starting with an base exposure of f8 at 1/250. In fact, if you go to the extreme ends of the table you will see that you could opt for f22 - 1/30, great for landscapes using a tripod, you get maximum depth of field and a bit of motion blur to create lovely effects with movement as in waterfalls etc. Or, you could use f2.8 at 1/2000 second, great for portraits using minimum depth of field to blur the background, or for sports action where the fast shutter speed would freeze the action and the short depth of field would isolate the subject.<br />
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For any given lighting situation there will be a table of possible combinations that you could build, just like this one, that will show all the possible combinations of shutter speed and aperture that you could use - you just have to select which one suits your purpose the best.<br />
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But this is just the table we could build at 200 ISO.<br />
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What if we alter the ISO by 1 stop to 400 ISO? Or 2 stops to 800 ISO?<br />
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OK, in which case instead of f8 at 1/250 the correct exposure would be f8 at 1/500 because increasing the ISO by 1 stop doubles the exposure, in other words over-exposes by 1 stop and in order to get it back to where it should be we have to increase the shutter speed to halve the exposure by the same amount, 1 stop.<br />
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200 ISO 400 ISO 800 ISO<br />
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f2.8 - 1/2000 f2.8 - 1/4000 f2.8 - 1/8000<br />
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f4 - 1/1000 f4 - 1/2000 f4 - 1/4000<br />
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f5.6 - 1/500 f5.6 - 1/1000 f5.6 - 1/2000<br />
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f8 - 1/250 f8 - 1/500 f8 - 1/1000<br />
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f11 - 1/125 f11 - 1/250 f11 - 1/500<br />
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f16 - 1/60 f16 - 1/125 f16 - 1/250<br />
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f22 - 1/3 f22 - 1/60 f22 - 1/125<br />
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Or we could compensate by altering the aperture rather than the shutter speeds, in which case;<br />
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f8 - 1/250 at 200 ISO becomes f11 at 1/250 at 400 ISO or f16 at 1/250 at800 ISO.<br />
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So exposure is triangle of settings using shutter speeds, apertures and ISO all together to achieve the effect that you want. But remember, high ISO = noise so we tend to keep the ISO values down unless we really need to increase them.<br />
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<b>Auto ISO</b><br />
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A great way of managing ISO is to use the cameras Auto ISO setting in the camera’s custom menu or ISO menu. Turning the Auto ISO ON allows the camera to automatically increase the ISO setting whenever the shutter speed looks like dropping below the threshold for camera shake, or a level that you specify in the custom menu. This way, you reduce the risk of camera shake, retain the lowest ISO settings for quality until you really need to change up and the camera does it for you in the background leaving you free to concentrate on your photos. There are times when you will want to take back control of the ISO settings of course, using flash would be one, or when you see the auto ISO setting a very high ISO value that you don’t want to use, so you need to keep an eye on what ISO value is actually being used by the camera all the time - after a while this becomes second nature.<br />
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/compensation-culture-week-5-exposure.html">Next Week: Understanding exposure and histograms</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-12403908441604677412012-03-09T17:37:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:34:35.630+01:00Week 3: Look sharp! Apertures for depth of field<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></b><br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lug5qebFgr1ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
<b>Apertures. What are they, what do they do for us and how do we use them?</b><br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lsyib6MDAu1ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
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Here’s an illustration of the lens’s apertures or f-stops, from f1.4 (very wide or big) to f22 (very narrow or small).<br />
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A typical progression of full aperture stops would look like this:<br />
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f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22.<br />
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You should try to learn this progression - it is part of the language of photography. You will also come across other f-stop numbers on your camera; f10 and f13 for example - these are third stop or half stop intervals between the full stop values. f13 is just f11 and an extra third. You can sometimes program your camera in the custom functions to increase your apertures in full stops only, in half stop increments or in third stop increments which is usually the default value as it increases your fine control over exposure.<br />
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Each full stop or Aperture halves or doubles the amount of exposure - this is important - you must remember this!<br />
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So, f8 is twice as much light as f11 but half as much light as f5.6<br />
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The aperture is housed in the lens body itself and is controlled via a thumb wheel on modern DSLR cameras, sometimes in conjunction with a small button on the top plate, normally the exposure compensation(+/-) button with an aperture symbol next to it like this:<br />
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<b>Setting Apertures on the Camera</b><br />
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To change aperture in Aperture Priority and Manual mode you just press the button whilst turning the thumbwheel and watch the apertures display in the viewfinder. You will notice in the illustration that wide apertures have small numbers (f1.4) and narrow apertures have big numbers (f22). A lot of people get confused by this. Where do these numbers come from - what do they mean? The answer is that they are a mathamatical formula - a pretty simple one actually;<br />
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f-stop = the diameter of the aperture divided into the focal length of the lens.<br />
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e.g if the diameter of the aperture is 5mm and the lens you are using is a 55mm lens, divide 5mm into 55mm and you get?…f11.<br />
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So an f-stop is not a fixed size, it varies from lens to lens, but the key fact is that all lenses when set to f11, or f8 or any other f-number will all be transmitting the same amount of light and hence will all give the same exposure.<br />
<b><br />What are Apertures really for?</b><br />
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OK, now we know what they are and where they come from but what do they actually do? Clearly they control how much light enters the camera - a big aperture lets in a lot of light, a smaller one reduces the amount of light and so alters exposure. Apertures are obviously a fundamental tool for controlling exposure but then, so too is shutter speed. Why do we need two systems for controlling exposure? Why not just have a single aperture and lots of different, variable shutter speeds - wouldn’t that be enough to control exposure? Actually it would, and that’s exactly how a pin-hole camera works - one aperture, the pin-hole and variable shutter speed (how long you leave the pin-hole uncovered). And it works just fine.<br />
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Apertures give us something else - something more important and more useful than merely controlling exposure - they allow us to control depth of field.<br />
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<b>What is depth of field?</b><br />
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I’ll give you my own definition:<br />
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Depth of Field (DOF) is a ZONE of SHARPNESS, that extends IN FRONT OF and BEYOND the point that you actually FOCUSED on.<br />
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Like all ZONES it has a beginning and an end. It has boundaries. There is an area leading into sharpness and an area leading out of sharpness. Then there is an area around the subject that you focused on, where everything seems to be perfectly sharp.<br />
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And this zone of sharpness is relative to how close you are to the subject. If you are very close to the subject, the zone is very, very small. If you are a medium distance from the subject the zone is much bigger and if you are a long way from the subject the zone of sharpness may in fact reach as far as the eye can see - to infinity actually. So DOF is a relative value.<br />
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<b>Examples of the use of Depth of Field</b><br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lt7rzb3TLm1ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
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1. In this shot of a restaurant interior, the depth of field needs to cover the foreground and extend to include everything up to the back wall and fireplace. Wide angle lens, focused on the foreground napkins, at f16.<br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lt7s36ZZnD1ql9z7d.jpg" /> <br />
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2. In this landscape, everything must be included in the depth of field from front to back. Wide angle lens, focused about third into the frame, f22. (The blurred water is due to long shutter speed - use a tripod!)<br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lt7s4v1Dft1ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
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3. In this shot of motorway light trails, there is no foreground detail to worry about and the subject is a long way away so depth of field is not critical. Wide angle lens, focused on the background, f8, tripod.<br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lt7s6wQM8C1ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
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4. in this shot, the short depth of field helps to isolate the subject (the wine glass) and create a mood. Telephoto lens, fairly close to the subject at f2.8.<br />
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<b>How does it work?</b><br />
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Before we go any further, consider focus for a moment. When you focus on an object, you also see a zone of sharpness around the object you focus on - this is the Depth of FOCUS. It’s a three dimensional thing - focus has a beginning a middle and an end. It’s also a relative value.<br />
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Try holding your finger up in front of your face. Focus on the knuckle. Notice how the background is thrown way out of focus when you look at your finger? Now look out of the window across the garden at an object - the garden gate would be a good choice. Notice how much more of the area around the gate is focus compared with your finger experiment? Look at a farm across the valley and you’ll notice that nearly everything in your filed of view is in focus. So Depth of FOCUS is relative to how close you are to the object you are focused on. Close up you get almost no Depth of Focus, more distant and get a lot more.<br />
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Now, Depth of FIELD (DOF) is the ability of the lens to GROW that ZONE OF SHARPNESS by using a smaller and smaller aperture. We can control how big this zone is by altering the aperture size - it’s a characteristic of apertures that the smaller they are the larger the DOF they create. A wide aperture ((f1.4) will not grow the existing depth of focus by anything at all, but a small aperture (f22) will increase the zone of sharpness, the depth of focus, by a massive amount - and this is what we call depth of field. And it’s still relative to how close you are to the subject.<br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lt7s005yA01ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
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If you photograph a subject that is very close to the camera lens you will get a tiny depth of focus, and even when you use a small aperture, f16 or f22 the resulting increase in depth of field will still be relatively small. But if you photograph a subject that is further away, you will get a bigger depth of focusand then by using a small aperture you will achieve a much, much bigger depth of field.<br />
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It’s all relative to SUBJECT-TO-CAMERA DISTANCE.<br />
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Let’s re-cap then.<br />
The widest aperture (f1.4) = minimum DOF<br />
The smallest aperture (f22) = maximum DOF<br />
Get close to a subject to reduce DOF<br />
Get further away to increase DOF<br />
Wide angle lenses exhibit a lot of DOF<br />
Telephoto lenses exhibit reduced DOF<br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lt7rrcYdTJ1ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
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1. A Wide Angle Lens,medium distance and small aperture (f16)= A large depth of field<br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lt7rusSca61ql9z7d.jpg" /><br />
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2. A telephoto lens, short distance and wide aperture (f2.8) = a short depth of field.<br />
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Incidentally, that last one, about lenses, why is it that wide lenses have better DOF than telephoto lenses? Well one reason is that a telephoto magnifies a distant image, in effect bringing it much closer to you - as though the camera-to-subject distance was reduced, whereas the wide angle lens pushes the subject away from you, as though the camera-to-subject distance was increased.<br />
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So if you absolutely wanted to guarantee a small depth of field, use a telephoto lens, get close to the subject and use the widest aperture!<br />
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/keep-noise-down-iso-in-digital.html">Next Week: ISO, apertures and shutter speed working together for good exposure.</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-35576297662356208512012-03-09T17:24:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:32:18.818+01:00Week 2: Control that motion. Shutter Speeds<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGl_sCS2qLbWRrO4dmNsgzlMnCvTW8SauthEE4a0mmR4A4jfsG_EtnJC6MAESoGe1cQGjHrY2uUEulkkpc7RPwrCXT8z1Y4Q-xyLBpSEz5OiRHu74NdBCP06iGke2gmEQKoiBl7QXmYgkD/s1600/C2_kayak_slalom,_Manchester.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGl_sCS2qLbWRrO4dmNsgzlMnCvTW8SauthEE4a0mmR4A4jfsG_EtnJC6MAESoGe1cQGjHrY2uUEulkkpc7RPwrCXT8z1Y4Q-xyLBpSEz5OiRHu74NdBCP06iGke2gmEQKoiBl7QXmYgkD/s320/C2_kayak_slalom,_Manchester.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<b>What are Shutter Speeds? What do they do?</b><br />
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The camera has two ways of controlling exposure. It has apertures and it has shutter speeds.<br />
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So the shutter speeds can act as a simple variable system for controlling exposure by adjusting the timing of the exposure - more time for dark subjects in low light, less time for bright subjects in bright light. But there’s more to it than that…<br />
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For one thing, the amount of time the shutter stays open has a direct influence on how movement and motion is captured and displayed in a photograph.<br />
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Here are two photos of runners. They are very different aren’t they? They have a very different feel, a different atmosphere, a different “dynamic’. They say different things about the subject (running) and capture the subject in entirely personal way.<br />
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<a href="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lt7tktMl4u1ql9z7d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lt7tktMl4u1ql9z7d.jpg" width="200" /></a>Clearly, the first photo of the elite athletes finishing the Great North Run has used a fast shutter speed to freeze the action and render the moment when this athlete crosses the finish line in sharp detail. We can study it, see his expression and maybe empathize with the joy of the moment.<br />
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The second photo has an entirely different look. The slow shutter speed and camera panning motion has rendered the subject as a blur of motion and action. This is far more “impressionistic” than the first photo - this is more about how running might “feel” to the athlete and less about capturing a unique moment.<br />
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So, shutter speeds - the choice over whether to freeze action or show movement, is a powerful creative tool for the photographer and this is what shutter speeds are really all about.<br />
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<b>Shutter Speed Progression</b><br />
Before we go any further, let’s learn our standard progression of full shutter speed values, or “stops”.<br />
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1/8000, 1/4000, 1/2000, 1/1000, 1/500, 1/250, 1/125, 1/60, 1/30, 1/15, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 sec, 2 sec, 4 sec, etc to 30 seconds plus B ("bulb" - timed exposure) and X (sync speed for flash).<br />
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Each full stop of shutter speed either halves or doubles the exposure; so 1/250 second is twice as much exposure as 1/500 second but half as much exposure as 1/125 second. That's important. Remember it, learn it. I'll say it again; each full stop of shutter speed halves or doubles the exposure. That's just like apertures - they do the same thing - half and double exposure as you move between one stop of aperture and the next. We’ll come back to the relationship between apertures and shutter speeds when we look at ISO in a later installment.<br />
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<b>How do shutter speeds work?</b><br />
It seems obvious, intuitive really how shutter speeds work but do we really understand the implications? Let’s state the obvious - if you use a really fast shutter speed it freezes or stops any action, motion or movement. OK, but how does it do that? Well, suppose you are photographing a passing cyclist. Count to 10 slowly - how far did the cycle move during that “10 second” exposure? Probably almost out of sight. If you were photographing that cycle with a 10 second exposure it would appear as a constantly moving impression on the camera - in other words a blur. In fact if the subject is moving fairly rapidly and we use a very slow shutter speed, the subject is never in one place within the frame for long enough for the camera to build up any kind of impression of it at all so it will all but disappear!<br />
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On the other hand, how far can it move across the frame in say, 1/1000th second? Not far. What about 1/4000th second - even less distance, in fact relative to your camera position it will hardly have moved at all - maybe just a fraction of an inch. So in relative terms it is static, stationary, not moving at all! Hence, your fast shutter speed has “stopped” the subject. And the faster the shutter speed, the more successfully it will “freeze” the action.<br />
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<b>Speed is relative to distance.</b><br />
This ability of shutter speeds to either “blur” or “freeze” movement is relative to how close the subject is to the camera. You can try a simple experiment to prove this. Pass your hand across your face, just in front of your eyes. Did that look very fast and very blurred to you? I’m sure it did. Now do the same thing at arms length, moving your hand at the same speed. Did that look a lot slower and lot clearer to you? Of course it did.<br />
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Objects close to the lens (or your eyes) seem to travel faster than objects further away. You can use that information to help you photograph motion and speed.<br />
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<ul>
<li>To increase motion blur get closer to the subject, which often means using a wider lens.</li>
<li>To reduce motion blur or increase your chances of freezing the action get further away using a telephoto lens to fill the frame.</li>
</ul>
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If you notice the two running photos again - that’s exactly what I have done.<br />
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<b>Camera Shake</b><br />
The final word must go to “camera shake”.<br />
Camera shake is the single biggest cause of failed photos - or so they say. When students first start out using a camera they tend to forget to keep an eye on the camera settings. One of the first things to go wrong is when they point the camera at a dark subject (black cat sitting on a black chair!) or they move from a well lit area to a dimly one (indoors) The shutter speed will fall in order for the camera to still make a good exposure. If the shutter speed falls below a certain speed you will get camera shake - in other words the camera will record the movement of you hand-holding the camera and your photos will appear blurred.<br />
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Sometimes camera shake is obvious - the photo is very blurred and you can tell the up-and-down motion is caused by someone holding the camera at a very slow shutter speed. But other times the shutter speed has fallen just a little and the effects of camera shake are not seen until you enlarge the photo either as print or on your monitor. Then you realise that the subject is “soft”. Not crisp and really sharp. You are disappointed because you thought you had a great shot!<br />
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Here’s a shot with lots of camera shake (left). If you were feeling generous you might say it has a certain “impressionistic” quality, but really it’s camera shake!<br />
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And here’s a similar subject shot with a much faster shutter speed (right) which has eliminated the camera shake and captured a nice sharp image.<br />
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<b>The right shutter speed for the right lens.</b><br />
There’s no single shutter speed that will eliminate camera shake for every lens, not until you get up to the really fast speeds, 1/1000th second and beyond. It depends what lens focal length you are using. Long (telephoto) lenses need a much faster minimum shutter speed to avoid camera shake than shorter, wide angle lenses.<br />
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A rule of thumb, the "reciprocal rule" actually, states that you should never use a shutter speed less than the reciprocal focal length of the lens you are using. In other words, if you are shooting a 50mm lens, don’t try to hand-hold a shutter speed of less than 1/50th second, use a tripod or camera support if you have to; better still find a way to increase the shutter speed (try increasing the ISO). Same thing with a 200mm lens - 1/200th second is your minimum safe hand-holding speed.<br />
Why the difference? Well, a big telephoto lens is longer (more leverage), heavier (more weight to hold still) and it “magnifies” the image and in so doing it also “magnifies” any movement you make whilst holding it. Try focusing a powerful pair of binoculars and you’ll see what I mean, they are incredibly hard to focus unless you use some sort of support to steady your elbows. All that "shake" is the binoculars “magnifying” your body movement.<b><br /></b><br />
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<b>Using shutter priority mode to choose shutter speeds.</b><br />
OK, that will do for shutter speeds. Go play with them. You have that shutter priority mode on your dslr camera, so you can use that to try out different shutter speed effects. The camera will try to match an appropriate aperture (f stop) to the shutter speed you choose. As long as you don't set a speed that's too high or too low for the light conditions the camera will sort out exposure for you. If you do set a shutter speed that the camera can't match an aperture to, it will let you know, by displaying an error message in the viewfinder; either "hi" for over exposed or "lo" for under exposed. If you get that, you'll have to re-adjust your shutter speed until the camera can find an aperture that will work.<br />
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Experiment. Practice with different subjects, moving at different speeds. Stop fast action, get it pin sharp and then blur motion, get it really blurred. See what affect you can produce. And have fun.<br />
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/look-sharp-week-3-apertures.html">Next week we'll take a look at Aperture Priority</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5972377698104462898.post-51173676381306103812012-03-09T17:04:00.000+00:002012-04-14T13:28:39.523+01:00Week 1: Drive the camera. Camera Modes<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
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<b>We're going to start by learning how to drive the dslr camera:</b><br />
Many camera users (as opposed to photographers) leave their camera in one single mode, <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Auto</span> mode and don’t get any further than that. Sure, the camera will produce good exposures for you most of the time in the Auto mode but it's no thanks to you. You are locked out of the process, you play no real part in the decision making and when the camera doesn't get you a good result you may not know how to fix it.<br />
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But we can change that very easily. The camera modes offer us a variety of ways to shoot pictures, depending on the circumstances, the subjects, the lighting and other factors. Each mode has advantages and disadvantages. Let’s take a look at them.<br />
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<img src="http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lsyesvvj311ql9z7d.jpg" /> <br />
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<i>The camera modes are normally found on a rotary dial on the camera top plate.</i><br />
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<b>Full Auto mode or "Green Camera"</b><br />
I often refer to this as “<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Green”</span> mode, either green camera or green square or whatever - it mostly comes in the form of a green camera icon like this image above, although some camera makers decide to use red instead - don’t ask me why, something to do with unique selling point’s probably!<br />
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Green mode is a good description actually because it’s great for "green" photographers, who aren’t experienced enough to know better. It’s basically<i> point and shoo</i>t mode.<br />
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<i>Advantage:</i> You can grab the camera and point and shoot! No input necessary from you - the shot will come out fine - most of the time - but not always.<br />
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By "come out fine" I mean well exposed, rather than individual, purposeful, or fulfilling your creative intention. The camera doesn't know what they are! If you only ever shoot photos of scenes that are well lit, with an even amount of light and dark, lot's of average tones, nothing very extreme, then Auto mode will work fine every time.<br />
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But few of us do that and in the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Auto</span> mode, the main priority for the camera is just to set a shutter speed that avoids camera shake and an aperture that gets you a reasonable depth of field. On an average sunny day that will be around 1/250 second at f8 on 100ASA. Given the same light conditions, the camera will try to set something like that every time when you're in that in <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Auto</span> mode.<br />
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<i>Disadvantage:</i> You get no say in what settings the camera uses - you are out of the loop and the camera is in control. Great if you have no idea what settings you could or should be using but hopeless if you want to control speed, motion, depth of field and so on. For that, you must take some control over the camera.<br />
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So from this point on in Level 2 Photography we are going to ignore <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Auto</span> mode. It teaches us nothing and prevents us from making purposeful images where we are in control of the settings. Say goodbye to <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Auto</span>!<br />
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<b>P: Program mode</b><br />
P mode is much more useful. In this mode you can still point and shoot but this time you can make some choices over which settings the camera will use. In P mode you can use the camera’s thumb wheel to scroll through the various combinations of shutter speed and aperture that the camera could use for each situation you point it at.<br />
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When you're new to slr cameras this can seem confusing. The camera has both shutter speeds and apertures. Correct exposures are achieved by either setting an aperture (the diaphragm or hole in the lens), and finding a shutter speed to provide the right amount of exposure, or the other way around; set a shutter speed and then find an appropriate aperture to go with it to get a good exposure.<br />
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Either way works fine. But there's not just one combination of aperture/shutter speed available - there's many. All of them will produce a good exposure, but the photo might have a different look or feel. Let me give you an example:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmAJ0OVGg2aq_z7oP2h7XDhxqzIM4rxAIRKBMOYiRdV8oykdYq2YgX9NRp7clLHhrVGRsY-zpWpGmsx75mAyv5PAiKLIYPupU6fU9IWhR6K1XPRNaamNEDgI4pL4nmUNEwlZhjyPC3DyPt/s1600/d80_32_0176.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmAJ0OVGg2aq_z7oP2h7XDhxqzIM4rxAIRKBMOYiRdV8oykdYq2YgX9NRp7clLHhrVGRsY-zpWpGmsx75mAyv5PAiKLIYPupU6fU9IWhR6K1XPRNaamNEDgI4pL4nmUNEwlZhjyPC3DyPt/s1600/d80_32_0176.jpg" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBfQHVn26ZH9Z_LWYLzVC5CI3RWkVy8v6mYVi-7IsjKcQOirXxARd_XcXA8jJ8Nvg_GkGJUUXQHx2n-sfxgYiX1Ht2iEpcp6DpCHalztyy5TnsUcV8oyl260fe1A8iiKNSWChyVcpP_eXG/s1600/d80_32.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBfQHVn26ZH9Z_LWYLzVC5CI3RWkVy8v6mYVi-7IsjKcQOirXxARd_XcXA8jJ8Nvg_GkGJUUXQHx2n-sfxgYiX1Ht2iEpcp6DpCHalztyy5TnsUcV8oyl260fe1A8iiKNSWChyVcpP_eXG/s1600/d80_32.jpg" /></a> <br />
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As you can see, the two photos of sculling boats look very different, although each looks like a good exposure. By using a slow shutter speed the boat gets a motion-blurred, impressionistic look, whilst using a fast shutter speed freezes the action and produces a more literal, realistic image. Which do you prefer? It's up to you to decide how you want your photos to look. You can be as creative as you like. Taking control of the camera settings allows you to do that.<br />
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<b>Do You Understand How Shutter Speeds and Apertures Work Together?</b><br />
At this point it would make sense for us to make sure we understand how shutter speeds and apertures work together to give us a good exposure. If you don’t really understand this, week 4 will explain it all and help you get a feel for how we decide which combination of f-stop (aperture) and shutter speed would be best for each different situation.<br />
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<b>Using P mode</b><br />
OK, to continue - so in P mode, if you know that you need a fast shutter speed to freeze action, just use the scroll wheel to whizz through to the fastest shutter speed available to your camera for the situation you are pointing it at. And if you know that you would prefer to use a slower speed to create some movement in your image, scroll though the other way to find a slower shutter speed that is available. <br />
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Or your priority might be with sharpness throughout your image and you might need to maximise depth of field - no problem - scrolling through the aperture/shutter speed combinations available will soon give you the smallest aperture and vice versa with short depth of field, find the widest aperture and there you go. So now you have some control over the creative direction of your photography - something you didn’t have with Auto Green mode! And that means now you’re acting like a photographer rather than a snap-shooter.<br />
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<b>Now onto the two priority modes:</b><br />
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<b> S: Shutter Priority Mode (Tv on a Canon)</b><br />
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<b>A: Aperture Priority Mode (Av on a Canon)</b><br />
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The next two modes are sort of self explanatory. We have two PRIORITY modes. These are shutter priority and aperture priority.<br />
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Whenever we decide that our priority is to stop or show motion, we would naturally select Shutter Priority mode because it allows us to select and lock in the shutter speed we would like to use while the camera automatically meters the scene and figures out the correct aperture to go with it.<br />
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When we decide that depth of field (the amount of sharpness throughout our photo) is our priority, we can select Aperture Priority as our mode. It works just the opposite - here we select our chosen aperture and let the camera pick a shutter speed to match.<br />
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Let’s look at what our priorities are likely to be in photography.<br />
There are four things that we can achieve using the aperture/shutter speed settings on the camera.<br />
<ul>
<li>We can set a high shutter speed to FREEZE (stop) movement.</li>
<li>We can set a slow shutter speed to SHOW (blur) movement.</li>
<li>We can use a wide (large) aperture to MINIMIZE Depth of Field (f2.8 for example).</li>
<li>We can use a narrow (small) aperture to MAXIMIZE Depth of Field (f22 for example).</li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinyIsDaD5boB5x-Ufug6YAtWHwR7Ne-iHLRgyNvVHGL_X_qVVg3MPrvF0ydq1kso-FLqxWJQnuSV6V_I9DXvz6QkTpOJ4b25OjuhKU2IT3kiJYj4jL-cLSYkzU0Ru4mxecXFN1jVpJ63m4/s1600/Buttermere_triathlon,Lake_District.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinyIsDaD5boB5x-Ufug6YAtWHwR7Ne-iHLRgyNvVHGL_X_qVVg3MPrvF0ydq1kso-FLqxWJQnuSV6V_I9DXvz6QkTpOJ4b25OjuhKU2IT3kiJYj4jL-cLSYkzU0Ru4mxecXFN1jVpJ63m4/s320/Buttermere_triathlon,Lake_District.jpg" width="320" /></a>In a shot like this triathlon cycle race, we are prioritising shutter speed, so it makes sense to use Shutter Priority. We set the shutter speed that we want to use and the camera sets the aperture that will give us a good exposure to go with that shutter speed.<br />
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This shot uses a slow shutter speed to create motion blur in the background. As the camera pans (tracks) with the speeding cyclist, it renders him relatively sharply against the blurred background. The camera and bike are traveling at the same speed relative to each other with the panning technique so the bike looks sharp.<br />
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But the background is whizzing past the moving camera, so comes out blurred with a slow shutter speed. By using flash as well, I can keep even more sharpness in the cyclist. This a good example of how photographers use shutter speeds to influence how the final shot will look.<br />
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In this landscape shot we are prioritising depth of field, so it makes sense to use Aperture Priority, where we set the aperture (f-stop) that we want to use and the camera sets the appropriate shutter speed to go with it to give us a good exposure.<br />
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Because the priority is to get as much sharpness, from front-to-back of the picture, I used f22 for maximum depth of field and put the camera on a tripod. The tripod was necessary because f22 is a tiny, tiny hole and lets in very little light. So the shutter speed needs to be a long one to build exposure.<br />
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Slow shutter speed equals camera shake! Hence the tripod. All landscape photographers know this and so always carry a tripod with them. In landscape photography we don't need to "stop" the subject with a fast shutter speed - the mountain isn't going to run away from us.<br />
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So the priority modes give us a fast and convenient way to grab the setting that we want and let the camera figure out the other setting to go with it.<br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></b><br />
<b>Aperture Priority mode is the most popular because...</b><br />
Incidentally, many photographers use Aperture Priority almost all the time because it allows them to control all the settings easily from one mode. Use a wide aperture and you get small depth of field and fast shutter speed. Use a small aperture and you get big depth of field and slow shutter speed.<br />
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That's all your requirements taken care of from one camera mode - well nearly anyway. And because the camera has a huge range of shutter speeds that it could choose from, everything from 1/8000th second down to 30 seconds, it will always be able to find a shutter speed to match whatever f-stop you have selected.<br />
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This is not the case in Shutter priority - here you can select a certain shutter speed but the camera only has a limited range of apertures to choose from and it may not find one that will match your chosen shutter speed and still give a good exposure. Hence, Aperture Priority is a more popular choice.<br />
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That's not to say that Shutter priority is no use - far from it. There are times when we definitely want to lock in a particular shutter speed and keep it locked in, allowing the aperture to vary to our exposures good. I'll post some example pix here soon, but here's an example that comes to mind - aircraft propellers! Turbo props only look good in photos at certain shutter speeds. If you shoot a fast speed the prop freezes and the plane looks static - no good at all. Shoot too slow and the spinning prop "disappears" - that's no good either. You have to shoot them at just the right speed. Shutter priority!<br />
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<b>M - Manual Mode</b><br />
In Manual mode we are taking full control, auto pilot off, you have the conn!<br />
This means that you have to use the cameras built-in TTL (through the lens) light meter to work out exposures. This is fairly easy to do actually.<br />
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When you switch to manual mode, you will notice a bar chart of sorts - the TTL camera meter - in the viewfinder and also on the top plate and maybe also on the camera monitor. The meter says + at one end and - at the other. Plus is over exposed and minus is under exposed. You will also notice a cursor that moves up and down the scale indicating if your exposure of the scene is over, under or bang on! So, reading the meter is easy.<br />
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Using manual mode is a bit like using a priority mode. In shutter priority, you set the shutter speed and the camera measures the light reading and works out which aperture to use to give a good exposure for the scene. Well, in manual you do a similar thing - you first decide which is your priority - Shutter or Aperture? Set the one that you want to use. Now use the meter to find the other setting.<br />
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So if you set f8 on a bright sunny day at the beach you might well find that the appropriate shutter speed to go with that would be around 1/250 second (at 100 ISO) - twirling the shutter speed dial and watching the cursor on the meter will soon get you to the right shutter speed.<br />
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<a href="http://level2photographycourse.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/week-2-shutter-speeds-what-are-shutter.html">Next week we'll look at Shutter Priority.</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00896303329017646219noreply@blogger.com1